WBC
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
To protect the body against infections and foreign substances.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
What determines a person's blood type?
The presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
What is hemostasis?
The process that prevents and stops bleeding.
What are the main components of blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
How many types of white blood cells are there?
5
What is the function of the heart valves?
To prevent backflow of blood and ensure it flows in the correct direction.
What are the four main blood types in the ABO system?
A, B, AB, and O.
Name the three phases of hemostasis
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and return carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs.
How do lymphocytes contribute to the immune response?
They produce antibodies and help destroy infected or cancerous cells.
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart?
inferior vena cava
What is the Rh factor, and why is it significant?
The Rh factor is a protein that can be present (+) or absent (-) on red blood cells; its presence can affect pregnancy and transfusions.
What role do platelets play in hemostasis?
They aggregate at the site of injury to form a temporary plug and release chemicals to promote clotting.
What are the differences between plasma and serum?
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood that contains clotting factors, while serum is the liquid that remains after blood has clotted and lacks clotting factors.
What is the role of phagocytes in the immune system?
Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens and debris.
The largest artery in the body is the what?
hint: disburses blood to the body
Aorta
Why is it important to match blood types for transfusions?
To prevent adverse reactions that can occur if incompatible blood is transfused.
What is the first step in the process of hemostasis?
: Vascular spasm (the blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow).
Explain how blood components can be separated for medical use.
Blood can be centrifuged to separate its components; red blood cells, plasma, and platelets can be used for transfusions, while specific components can be used for treatments or therapies.
Explain how a complete blood count (CBC) can indicate health issues related to white blood cells.
A CBC measures the number of white blood cells, which can indicate infections, inflammation, or disorders like leukemia.
The pulmonary Arteries are the only arteries that are what?
deoxygenated.
Explain how the concept of universal donors and recipients works.
Type O- is considered a universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens, while AB+ is a universal recipient because it has no antibodies against A or B antigens.
Vasoconstriction means what?
the vein gets smaller
What does the term thrombocytes mean?
Platelets or clotting cells