Systemic
What are the three extrinsic controls of Heart Rate?
1. PNS
2. SNS
3. Hormones
Stroke Volume..
(stroke that thang cuzzo)
Volume of blood ejected from ventricles per beat
How long is the Cardiac Cycle at Rest and during Exercise?
What is the LVEDV for the average individual at rest versus exercise. You can give an approximation between a range.
~100-120mL (rest) and ~160-180mL (exercise)
What is fixed within the Cardiac Output Equation and what is semi-adjustable!
Fixed: Heart rate Max
Semi-Adjustable: SVmax (can get better due to training and genetics)
Diastolic Reserve Volume...
Is the capacity of the left ventricle to increase its volume and improve filling during exercise to maintain normal cardiac output without excessive increases in filling pressure.
Normal Q at rest versus max exercise (TR and UN)?
What is the typical EDV (or preload) at rest?
100mL
QRS is otherwise known as?
Ventricular Depolarization
--> when the ventricles contract, push that bad boy BLOOODCLATTTT out
What are the 4 phases of the Cardiac Cycle?
1. Ventricular Filling, 2. Isovolumetric Contraction, 3. Ventricular Ejection, 4. Isovolumetric Relaxation
The Contraction of skeletal muscles that squeeze veins and promotes venous return to the heart.
True or false: HR response during exercise slighlty declines with age?
TRUE (HAHA fooled you... loser)
What is the Cardiac Output at rest for a Male and Female (trained or untrained the number is the same)!
Male: 6L/min
Female: 4.5L/min
Where within the ECG does the delay of the AV Node occur?
PR interval
What are the three steps in using HR to predict VO2 Max?
1. Determine HR at a minimum of 2 submaximal intensities.
2. Determine estimated HR max
3. Use A strand graph to extrapolate line to predict VO2 max
Chronotropic versus Inotropic...
C: Rate of Contraction (i.e., HR)
INO: Strength of Contraction (i.e. SV)
When does Stroke Volume plateau in Untrained individuals?
~50% of VO2 max
Compared to untrained individuals trained endurance athletes have?
1. Higher maximal heart rates
2. Higher resting Cardiac Outputs
3. Higher Maximal Stroke Volumes
Higher Maximal Stroke Volumes -->
Why: they are able to pump more to muscle as thicker ventricles and the ejection fraction is higher!
Without any other control, what would your Heart rate average be? (This is without no intrinsic input)
100bpm