Blood Basics
Blood is classified as this type of fluid tissue.
What is connective tissue?
This substance makes up 90–92% of plasma.
What is water?
This is the scientific name for a red blood cell.
What is an erythrocyte?
One hemoglobin molecule can bind this many oxygen molecules.
What is four?
This is the approximate lifespan, in days, of a red blood cell.
What is 120 days?
This liquid component makes up about 55% of blood.
What is plasma?
This plasma protein is the main contributor to plasma oncotic pressure.
What is albumin?
A normal red blood cell has this disc shape, which increases its surface area.
What is a biconcave disc?
Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in these locations.
What are body tissues?
This tissue produces red blood cells in adults.
What is bone marrow?
Red cells, white cells, and platelets together are called these.
What are formed elements?
This soluble plasma protein is converted into fibrin during clotting.
What is fibrinogen?
Mature red blood cells lack this structure that normally contains a cell’s DNA.
What is a nucleus?
Approximately 98% of blood oxygen is carried in this hemoglobin-bound form.
What is oxyhemoglobin?
The kidneys release this hormone to stimulate red blood cell production.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
Blood carries oxygen from this organ to body tissues.
What are the lungs?
Antibodies belong to this group of plasma proteins.
What are globulins?
This iron-containing protein gives red cells their oxygen-carrying ability.
What is hemoglobin?
A rightward shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve changes oxygen affinity in this direction.
What is decreased affinity?
This immature red blood cell stage immediately precedes the mature red cell in the lecture’s sequence.
What is a reticulocyte?
Using the lecture estimate of 70 mL/kg, this is the blood volume of a 70 kg adult in liters.
What is 4.9 liters? (70 × 70 = 4,900 mL.)
A patient has very low albumin and swollen ankles. Reduced plasma oncotic pressure promotes this accumulation of fluid in tissues.
What is edema?
A student says the biconcave shape reduces gas exchange. Correct the student by stating its effect on surface area and gas exchange.
What is increased surface area, which facilitates efficient gas exchange?
Active tissues produce more carbon dioxide and become more acidic, causing hemoglobin to release more oxygen. This effect has this name.
What is the Bohr effect?
Name the mineral and two vitamins listed in the lecture as requirements for erythropoiesis.
What are iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid (folate)?