Blood Vessels & Circulation
What is the largest artery in the body?
What is the aorta?
What is the function of white blood cells and how many different types are there?
What is to fight infection?
What is five?
What is the primary function of capillaries?
(What is to GAS EXCHANGE - oxygen, nutrients & waste between blood and tissues)?
A sports medicine student reviews a blood sample labeled B+. The student sees B antigens and an Rh marker on the red blood cells. Which antibody is present in the plasma?
Anti-A antibodies.
Two athletes have blood types A− and A+. Both have A antigens, but only one has the Rh antigen. Explain how their red blood cell antigens and associated antibodies differ.
A− has A antigens without Rh and is associated with anti-B antibodies; anti-Rh.
A+ has A and Rh antigens and is associated with anti-B antibodies.
Which arteries supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood?
What are the coronary arteries?
What is the liquid portion of the blood called?
What is plasma?
A patient with A+ blood requires a transfusion. The available donors have blood types A−, B−, O+, and AB+. Which available donors are compatible?
A− and O+. A+ recipients can receive A+, A−, O+, or O− red blood cells.
A patient needs a blood type identified before a planned procedure. Testing shows that the patient’s red blood cells have no A, B, or Rh antigens. Which blood type does the patient have, and which antibodies are associated with this type?
O−
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
What is Type O negative?
What is Type AB positive?
What are the two major veins that return blood to the heart?
What are the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava?
Which cells carry oxygen in the blood? (medical term)
What are red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
A patient with B− blood requires red blood cells. One student recommends B+ blood because it has the correct B antigen. Another recommends O− blood.
Which choice is compatible, and what makes the other choice unsuitable?
O− is compatible.
B− recipients can receive B− or O− red blood cells.
B+ cells carry the Rh antigen, which is not compatible with the stated B− transfusion rule.
A patient’s red blood cells display both A and B antigens but do not have the Rh antigen. Identify the patient’s blood type and the antibody associated with this type in the classroom model.
AB−
anti-Rh antibodies
What determines blood type classification?
What are glycoproteins (antigens) on red blood cell membranes?
Which artery supplies blood to the brain, head, face, and neck?
Which arteries supply blood to the arms?
What is the carotid artery?
What are the subclavian arteries?
Which blood cells help in clotting?
What are platelets (thrombocytes)?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
What is to transport oxygen, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, heat to the tissues and waste throughout the body?
An athlete with O+ blood needs red blood cells. The available units are O− and B+. Which unit is compatible, and why?
O−. O+ recipients can receive O+ or O− red blood cells. B+ cells carry B antigens that are incompatible with the recipient’s anti-B antibodies.
A patient with AB− blood needs red blood cells. The available units are A−, B−, O+, and AB−.
Which units are compatible, and why must one be excluded?
A−, B−, and AB− are compatible.
O+ is excluded because it carries the Rh antigen, while an AB− recipient should receive Rh-negative red blood cells under the standard compatibility rules.
A drop of blood travels from the heart toward the body’s tissues, delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and then begins its journey back to the heart.
Name the five types of blood vessels in the correct order that the blood passes through, starting with the largest blood vessel
Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins
What protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen?
What is hemoglobin?
In a hypothetical transfusion scenario, a patient with O− blood receives A− red blood cells. Explain how the patient’s immune system may respond and why the donor cells are incompatible.
The recipient’s anti-A antibodies may bind to the A antigens on the donor cells, causing agglutination (the cells clumping together aka "Attack").
O− recipients should receive O− red blood cells.
A patient’s red blood cells display A, B, and Rh antigens. The patient’s plasma has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Identify the blood type and explain why this patient can receive red blood cells from all eight major blood types.
AB+. The patient has all three major markers and is considered the universal red blood cell recipient in the standard ABO/Rh compatibility model.
An athlete with A− blood requires a red blood cell transfusion. The available units are O−, O+, A−, and AB−.
Students must identify every compatible donor, explain why the incompatible units should be excluded, and describe how an antigen–antibody reaction could lead to agglutination.
Compatible: O− and A−.
O+: Incompatible because it carries the Rh antigen.
AB−: Incompatible because its red blood cells carry B antigens, which can be targeted by the recipient’s anti-B antibodies.
Agglutination: Occurs when antibodies bind to foreign antigens on red blood cells, causing cells to clump together and potentially obstruct blood vessels (aka "Attack").