schools
Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school.
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity.
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Separate schools are not equal.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Established the doctrine of judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
Random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Board of Education of Independent School District #92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls (2002)
In order to prove libel, a public official must show that what was said against them was made with actual malice.
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
States cannot nullify decisions of the federal courts.
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
The Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Students may not use a school's loudspeaker system to offer student-led, student-initiated prayer.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
School initiated-prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
It is cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons for crimes they committed before age 18.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Students are entitled to certain due process rights.
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Even offensive speech such as flag burning is protected by the First Amendment.
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Struck down state laws banning interracial marriage in the United States.
Loving v. Virginia
Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. The case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Random drug tests of student-athletes are not an unreasonable search and seizure.
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
Administrators may edit the content of school newspapers.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
The President is not above the law.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Stop and frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Certain school voucher programs are constitutional.
Zelma v. Simmons-Harris (2002)