Spot the Mistake
60 Am.Jur.2d Penal and Correctional Institutions § 74 (2014).
Spot two types of errors!
60 Am. Jur. 2d Penal and Correctional Institutions § 74 (2014).
Cite the statute!
Connecticut General Statutes
Section: 22-357
Year: 2017
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-357 (2017).
What rule determines how to cite Statutes?
B12
R12
Correct the mistake:
The Supreme Court has identified “four essential freedoms” of a university. Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234, 264 (1957). In doing so, the Court asserted that institutions of higher education have the right to determine who may teach, what may be taught, how it shall be taught, and who may be admitted to study. Sweezy, 354 U.S. at 265.
The Supreme Court has identified “four essential freedoms” of a university. Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234, 264 (1957). In doing so, the Court asserted that institutions of higher education have the right to determine who may teach, what may be taught, how it shall be taught, and who may be admitted to study. Id. at 265.
MUST use Id. when citing the same authority as the immediately preceding citation!
When do you use Id.?
To refer to the immediately preceding cited authority.
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 (1973).
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 (1973).
(Title of case was not italicized!)
Case Name: Kunda v. Muhlenberg College
Reporter Information: 621 F.2d 532
Court: Third Circuit Court of Appeals
Year: 1980
Page cited: 548
Kunda v. Muhlenberg College, 621 F.2d 532, 548 (3d Cir. 1980).
Where do you find the abbreviations for names of courts and their reporters to use in case citations?
T1
Encyclopedia: C.J.S.
Volume: 72
Title of Article: Prisons and Rights of Prisoners
Section: 66
Year: 2018
72 C.J.S. Prisons and Rights of Prisoners § 66 (2018).
Abbreviate the name of this law journal:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law
Hint: Consult T13 for periodical name abbreviations!
U. Pa. J. Const. L.
First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 435 U.S. 765, 776 (1978).
First Nat’l Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 435 U.S. 765, 776 (1978).
(National was not abbreviated as per T6)
Title: The Law of Higher Education
Authors: William A. Kaplan, Barbara A. Lee
Edition: 5th
Page Cited: 850
Year: 2014
William A. Kaplin & Barbara A. Lee, The Law of Higher Education 850 (5th ed. 2014).
Where do you find the rule for introductory signals?
(See, E.g., Cf., etc.)
R1.2
B1.2
The Connecticut Supreme Court has held that an employee cannot recover for NIED
based on conduct occurring while the person was employed unless it occurred during the
termination process. Perodeau v. City of Hartford, 259 Conn. 729, 762–63 (2002). The court
reasoned that allowing employees to recover for NIED based on conduct occurring during their
employment would affect productivity and lead to “spurious lawsuits.” _______.
What should the citation be in the blank if the author wants to cite the same case but to page 758?
Id. at 758.
Convert this citation into the "short form" for a case:
United States v. Banks, 540 U.S. 31, 35 (2003).
Banks, 540 U.S. at 35.
See Brown v. Trustees of Boston Univ., 891 F.2d 337, 360 (1989) (tenure ensures academic freedom).
Spot two mistakes!
See Brown v. Trustees of Boston Univ., 891 F.2d 337, 360 (1989) (noting that tenure ensures academic freedom).
1. Italicize "See"
2. Parenthetical must start with a gerund verb
Case Name: Faro v. New York University
Reporter Information: 502 F.2d 1229
Court: Second Circuit Court of Appeals
Year: 1974
Page cited: 1232
Faro v. N.Y. Univ., 502 F.2d 1229, 1232 (2d Cir. 1974).
What rule determines how to cite law review articles?
B16
Title: The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Samuel P. Huntington
Page Cited: 15
Year: 1991
Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century 15 (1991).
Correct the mistakes:
John Gregory, Secrecy in University and College Tenure Deliberations: Placing Appropriate Limits on Academic Freedom, 16 U.C. Davis Law Review 1023, 1038 (1983).
John Gregory, Secrecy in University and College Tenure Deliberations: Placing Appropriate Limits on Academic Freedom, 16 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1023, 1038 (1983).
1. Name of journal should not be italicized
2. Law Review should be abbreviated "L. Rev."
Mari Matsuda, Legal Storytelling: Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim’s Story, Mich. L. Rev. 2320, 2357 (1989).
Spot two mistakes!
Mari Matsuda, Legal Storytelling: Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim’s Story, 87 Mich. L. Rev. 2320, 2357 (1989).
1. Title should be italicized
2. Volume number missing
Case Name: Miranti v. Brookside Shopping Center, Incorporated
Reporter Information: 159 Conn. 24
Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
Year: 1969
Page cited: 27
Miranti v. Brookside Shopping Ctr., Inc., 159 Conn. 24, 27 (1969).
What rule determines how to cite the short form of a case?
B10.2
R10.9
A first case held this. Salinas v. United States, 522 U.S. 52, 54 (1997). A second case held that. United States v. Albertini, 472 U.S. 675, 678 (1985). The first case also held this. ____________________.
If you want to cite to cite Salinas for a second time, (this time at page 57) how do you cite it? Fill in the blank.
Salinas, 522 U.S. at 57.
Abbreviate the following case name according to Table T6 and T10:
Beverly J. Rauen v. United States Tobacco Manufacturing Partnership
Rauen v. U.S. Tobacco Mfg. P’ship