Reporters
What is the preferred reporter for Coates v. City of Cincinnati?
U.S.
Coates v. City of Cincinnati, 402 U.S. 611, [PINCITE] (1971).
What is the correct abbreviation for "Publishing"?
Publ'g
How would you short cite City of Los Angeles v. Heller, 475 U.S. 796, 799 (1986)?
Heller, 475 U.S. at 799.
Westminster Sch. Dist. v. Mendez, 161 F.2d 774 (9th Cir. 1947).
Missing pincite
Choose the appropriate signal for this sentence: The cited case directly supports the proposition that a warrantless search of a home is presumptively unreasonable.
No signal – when the cited authority directly supports the proposition, no signal is needed.
What is the preferred reporter for Terrible v. Terrible?
P.2d
Terrible v. Terrible, 534 P.2d 191, [PINCITE] (Nev. 1975).
What is the correct abbreviation for “Registration?”
N/A
You have cited to the following case in the citation directly above. How would you cite to pages *6 and *7 in the following case: Martin v. Oregon Department of Corrections, No. 6:15-CV-226-PK, 2017 WL 80251, at *4 (D. Or. Jan. 9, 2017).
Id. at *6-7.
McDade v. Ash, No. B235729 2012 WL 335181881, at *2 (Cal. Ct. App. Aug. 15, 2012).
Missing comma after case number
McDade v. Ash, No. B235729, 2012 WL 335181881, at *2 (Cal. Ct. App. Aug. 15, 2012).
What is the correct signal to use when the cited authority supports the proposition, but the proposition requires an inferential step from the authority?
See
What is the preferred reporter for Brake v. Speed?
So. 2d
Brake v. Speed, 605 So. 2d 28, [PINCITE] (Miss. 1992).
How would you abbreviate the court case name The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen v. Consolidated Rail Corporation?
Bros. of Locomotive Eng’rs & Trainmen v. Consol. Rail Corp.
How would you short cite Woodall v. Plappert, No. 09-5352, 2026 WL 573207, at *3 (6th Cir. Feb. 26, 2026)?
Woodall, 2026 WL 573207, at *3.
Shaw Family Archives Ltd. v. CMG Worldwide, Inc., 486 F.Supp.2d. 309, 313 (S.D.N.Y. 2007).
Reporter is incorrect
Shaw Family Archives Ltd. v. CMG Worldwide, Inc., 486 F. Supp. 2d 309, 313 (S.D.N.Y. 2007).
You want to support the proposition that a court may consider legislative history when interpreting an ambiguous statute. The cited case discussed the use of legislative history but does not directly hold that legislative history may be considered. What signal should you use?
See
What is the preferred reporter for Diaz v. Eli Lilly & Co. (1973)?
N.E.2d
Diaz v. Eli Lilly & Co., 302 N.E.2d 555, [PINCITE] (Mass. 1973).
What is the correct abbreviation for William & Mary?
Wm. & Mary
You previously cited National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1, 30 (1937), in full. You now need to cite page 35 of that same case, and the immediately preceding citation is to a different case. What is the proper short form?
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. at 35.
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S 436, 444 (U.S. 1966).
Missing period after U.S. & court abbreviation does not go in the parenthesis for SCOTUS cases
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 444 (1966).
You have cited Case A, which directly supports your proposition. You then want to cite Case B, which supports the proposition but reached that conclusion through reasoning that differs from Case A. What signal should you use before Case B?
See also
What is the preferred reporter for United States v. One Lucite Ball Containing Lunar Material?
F. Supp. 2d
United States v. One Lucite Ball Containing Lunar Material, 252 F. Supp. 2d 1367, [PINCITE] (S.D. Fla. 2003).
What is the correct abbreviation for the State Inheritance, Estate, and Gift Tax Reporter?
St. Inher., Est. & Gift Tax Rep.
You already cited United States v. Hassan, 742 F.3d 104, 107 (4th Cir. 2014) in full and it was the only case in the previous citation. What is the short form to cite page 108?
Id. at 108.
United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169, 175 (2nd Cir. 1947).
Incorrect court abbreviation
United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169, 175 (2d Cir. 1947).
You are arguing that a court should interpret a statute narrowly. Case A directly supports your interpretation. Case B reaches a similar result, but its reasoning is based on a different legal principle that, by analogy, supports your argument. What signal should you use before Case B?
Cf.