Cycle 1
A driving force for evolution that occurs randomly.
What is mutation?
A process that drives the cell cycle to the next stage.
What is positive regulation?
The amount of DNA in one set of an organism’s nuclear chromosomes (genome size)
What is C-value?
The cause of thymine dimer mutations.
What is UV light?
Known as the father of genetics, this person’s study of pea plants taught us a lot about inheritance and passing on of genes.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
A testable and falsifiable hypothesis that tries to explain facts about the natural world.
What is scientific theory?
The “matching set” of the same genes in the same loci of chromosomes. They can have different alleles.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
What is DNA Polymerase I?
The type of point mutation that gives rise to a stop codon.
What is nonsense?
A form of non-mendelian inheritance, where both alleles are expressed equally in heterozygotes. (Example: alternating petal colors on flowers)
What is codominance?
A type of viral species that produces DNA from an RNA template.
What is retrovirus?
The type of division that occurs in meiosis I in regards to the ploidy.
What is the reductional phase?
This type of organism only forms one replication bubble during DNA replication
What is a prokaryote?
The type of repair mechanism present in non-mammals for thymine dimers.
What is photolyase + white light?
A form of non-mendelian inheritance, where one gene interferes with the expression of another.
What is epistasis?
Hummingbirds with longer beaks can drink nectar from flowers better than those with shorter beaks and therefore survive, live longer, and produce more offspring, which enhances the allele frequency for longer beaks in the population.
What is natural selection?
A process that occurs in the cell when a cell is halted at a certain stage in the cell cycle but the mistake cannot be fixed.
What is apoptosis?
The cell cycle phase depicted by chromosomes in a karyotype
What is metaphase?
The cause of a deletion mutation.
What is forward slippage?
The most important example of codominance in humans, where markers (antigens) on certain cells dictate the type that they are.
What is blood type?
It took many generations for dinosaur descendants to develop phenotypes that were noticeably similar to modern-day birds.
What is gradualism?
A diploid structure that occurs in the plant life cycle after the zygote undergoes mitosis.
What is a sporophyte?
An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that adds DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of the template strand
What is telomerase?
The name that denotes the conversion of an A nucleotide to a G nucleotide in a tautomeric shift.
What is a transition?
These are produced when HERC2 activates OCA2, and help in the maturation of melanosomes.
What are P-Proteins?