Topic 8
These types of genes are expressed in all cells and are essential to their function.
What are Housekeeping genes?
The expression of this regulatory segment is required for the development of Drosophila and can be repressed or activated based on uneven distribution of transcription regulators.
What is Eve?
This biological structure is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, along with proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.
What is the plasma membrane?
This type of filter limits the channel rate of ion movements and determines which ions can pass through.
What is a selectivity filter?
DNA-binding motif made of 2 alpha helices from different proteins that create a coiled coil structure.
What is a Leucine zipper?
Non-nucleotide changes to gene activity.
What is epigenetics?
This type of membrane protein is loosely attached to the surface of the lipid bilayer and is often involved in cell signaling
What are peripheral proteins?
This ion plays a crucial role in maintaining the membrane potential across all plasma membranes.
What is K+?
This type of protein inhibits gene expression by binding to the operator to turn the ON gene OFF.
What is a repressor?
These help repress gene function, can fit into the major groove of DNA, and can interact with histone-modifying enzymes to create heterochromatin.
What is Methylation/Methyl groups?
This type of protein spans the entire membrane and is involved in transport, acting as channels or carriers.
What are integral (transmembrane) proteins?
This exchanger will increase in activity when the cytosol becomes too alkaline to transport HCO3– out of the cell to decrease cytosolic pH.
What is the Na+ independent Cl– - HCO3– exchanger?
These sequences separate the genome to create independent domains. They prevent the incorrect gene from being affected by distant cis-regulatory regions.
What are insulator sequences?
These store inactive mRNAs for later “reactivation.”
What are P-bodies?
This term describes the phenomenon where lipids and proteins within the membrane can move, maintaining the dynamic nature of the membrane.
What is lateral diffusion?
Nerve cells in the aortic arch and carotid artery contain these types of channels.
What are Piezo Channels?
This motif uses one or more zinc ions to hold the protein domain in the right conformation for binding to DNA.
What is a Zinc Finger?
These are synthesized by RNA poll II and help fine-tune mRNA translation and stability.
What are miRNAs?
This is the term for membrane regions that concentrate specific proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules.
What are lipid rafts?
This toxin binds to glycine receptors to prevent neurotransmitter inhibitory actions.
What is strychnine?