Gene Expression
The transcriptional silencing of gene expression that prevents mammalian females from having significantly more expressed genes than males.
What is X-inactivation?
Referred to as the “rate-limiting” step for regulation of gene expression.
What is Transcriptional Control?
The basic fluid structure of a membrane can be described as a certain type of bilayer.
What is an amphiphilic phospholipid bilayer?
Transport that allows access to either side of the membrane, but not both at the same time uses an assistant.
What are Carrier Proteins?
This type of channel fluctuates between closed and open in response to stimuli.
What are Gated Channels?
These noncoding RNAs protect cells from viral dsRNA.
What are small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?
These have the ability to control expression of downstream events in control regions of cell-type specific genes.
What are Master Transcription regulators?
A type of lipid anchor with a thioester linkage between cysteine and a palmitic group
What is a palmitoyl anchor?
Lipid Bilayers without proteins are considered impermeable to these types of molecules.
What are Ions?
A rapid change in the charge across a neuron's membrane that is created by the rapid opening and closing of gated ion channels. It is reversible.
What is action potential?
In order for a highly regulated gene, stored in the heterochromatin form, to be properly expressed the nucleosome must be remodeled using these molecular subunits.
What are Activator Proteins?
In the Drosophila Eve protein these 4 transcriptional regulators control the expression of 7 regulatory segments.
What are Bicoid, Giant, Hunchback, Krüppel?
While glycerophospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the animal (eukaryotic) membranes; this lipid is extremely abundant and helps to regulate membrane fluidity/stability.
What is Cholesterol?
The domain used to pump glucose into the cell uses sodium powered glucose symporter.
What is an Apical Domain?
Sodium channels are located here on myelinated axons.
What are Nodes of Ranviner?
These are non-coding sequences of DNA, they regulate transcription of genes, and are on the same chromosome.
What are Cis-Regulatory Regions?
Cytosine methylation is an example of this modification as there is no change in DNA sequence, rather a change in gene expression.
What are Epigenetic modifications?
For many transmembrane proteins of a certain domain when connected by non-covalent high-sequence-specific protein interactions they can create multi-pass membrane proteins.
What are Alpha-Helicies?
This class of transporter uses two ATP molecules to pump small molecules against their concentration gradient and selective overexpression has been implicated in multidrug resistance.
What are ABC transporters?
The gradient that results from the combination of the concentration gradient of ions and the voltage potential of the membrane.
What is the electrochemical gradient?
In the event of a drop in glucose levels, without the presence of lactose, a repressor is bound to an operon to prevent its activation.
What is a Lac Repressor?
A mutation that introduces a new amino acid that changes the sequence.
What is a missense mutation?
A plentiful light-driven proton pump found in the purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarum?
What is Bacteriorhodopsin?
The transmission of extracellular signals rapidly across the plasma membrane causes an influx of an ion down the concentration gradient of its pump.
What is Calcium?
A protein channel that is able to respond to Osmotic Pressure by permeating an ionic current, changing the membrane's charge, to prevent cell lysis
What are Mechanosensitive Channels?