DNA Replication, Repair and Recombination
The region of active DNA synthesis
What is the replication Fork?
Special sequence of nucleotides that indicate the starting point of Transcription.
What are promoters?
The shape that a tRNA molecule form to translate mRNA to amino acids.
What is a cloverleaf with an anticodon section?
This 3 nucleotide sequence codes for one amino acid.
What is a codon?
Unlike prokaryotes which tend to start replication from one singular spot on the genome, these cells start replication in multiple areas of the genome typically rich in A/T bases.
What are eukaryotes?
Enzyme responsible for the unwinding of DNA
What is Helicase?
enzyme that produces rRNAs.
What is RNA Polymerase I?
The wobble position on the codon of the mRNA is on this position.
What is the third position of the codon but first position of the anticodon.
This RNA starts translation at the P site.
What is Met-tRNAi?
This enzyme is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and works to unwind DNA ahead of a replication fork.
What is helicase?
DNA strand where DNA synthesis is discontinuous
What is the Lagging Strand?
Enzymes that carry out DNA transcription.
What are RNA polymerases?
The additional enzyme that helps tRNA in the translation of mRNA into protein.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
This protein triggers DNA degradation after abnormal splicing.
What is UpF?
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes add new nucleotides on during replication in this direction due to the free -OH group.
What is 5' -> 3'
NHEJ and HR are the two major pathways for this type of DNA break.
What are the pathways that repair double-strand DNA breaks?
capping, splicing, and polyadenylation.
What are the three major processing events for mRNA?
This is where the incorrect amino acid will go to be removed by the tRNA synthetase complez.
What is the editing site?
The ribosome uses these sites as the place to enter, transfer a base, and exit during elongation.
What are the E, P, and A sites?
Unlike eukaryotes, this type of cell is not found within a membrane bound nucleus and is less tightly bound.
What are prokaryotes?
Type of virus that is capable of reversing the usual flow of genetic information.
What is a retrovirus?
Proteins subunits and snRNPs that are made up of snRNAs like U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 make up this large RNA and protein molecular machine.
What makes up spliceosomes?
Paptidyl t-RNA attaches here at the growing peptide chain.
What is the C-terminus?
This enzyme recognizes which tRNA and amino acid fit together during elongation.
What are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
In prokaryotes this enzyme has a region responsible for replication and proofreading, which is more specialized in eukaryotes.
What is DNA polymerase III?