Skeletal System
How many bones are found in an adult human body?
Around 206
How many muscles are there in the human body?
More than 600
What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood and blood vessels
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange – bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.
Which two body systems work together most directly to create movement?
Skeletal and muscular systems
Which bone protects the brain, and which structure protects the lungs?
Cranium; ribcage
Which type of muscle is found only in the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What are the two main organs where air enters the respiratory system?
Nose and mouth
Which two body systems work closely together to deliver oxygen to working muscles?
Respiratory and circulatory systems
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
A tendon connects muscle to bone; a ligament connects bone to bone.
Which type of muscle is responsible for producing body movement and can be consciously controlled?
Skeletal muscle
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
What structures are found at the end of the bronchioles and are responsible for gas exchange?
Alveoli
A student kicks a soccer ball. Which body system provides the bones, and which provides the force to move them?
Skeletal system provides the bones; muscular system provides the force.
The elbow is able to bend and straighten, while the shoulder can move in many directions. What type of joint is found at each location?
Elbow: hinge joint. Shoulder: ball-and-socket joint.
A person is sitting still. Their heart continues beating and their digestive system continues working. What types of muscles are responsible for these actions?
Cardiac muscle controls the heartbeat; smooth muscle works in organs such as the digestive system. Both are involuntary.
What is the difference between arteries, veins and capillaries?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood towards the heart; capillaries are small vessels that allow exchange of substances.
Put these structures in the correct order as air travels towards the lungs: alveoli, bronchioles, trachea, bronchi.
Trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
A student starts running. Explain what happens to oxygen from the moment they breathe it in until it reaches their working muscles.
Oxygen is breathed into the lungs → reaches the alveoli → enters the blood → circulatory system transports it to the working muscles.
Explain three different ways the skeletal system helps the human body, and give an example for each.
Protection – cranium protects brain; movement – bones provide a framework for muscles to pull on; shape/support – skeleton gives the body its structure. Other valid answers: mineral storage and blood-cell production.
During a bicep curl, the biceps and triceps have different roles. Explain what an agonist and antagonist are and how they work together.
The agonist is the main muscle producing the movement. The antagonist relaxes and lengthens to allow/control the movement. The roles can change depending on the direction of movement.
Explain why the circulatory system is essential during physical activity. Your answer must include oxygen, nutrients and waste products.
The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to working tissues and carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away.
Why are the alveoli so important to physical activity? Explain what happens there and how this helps the rest of the body.
Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli. Oxygen enters the blood and can then be transported by the circulatory system to body tissues, while carbon dioxide is removed.
A student is sprinting. Explain how all four body systems in this unit work together to allow them to move efficiently.
The skeletal system provides the framework and joints; muscles contract and pull on bones; the respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs; the circulatory system transports oxygen to the muscles and removes carbon dioxide/waste products.