Digestive
Where does digestion start?
The mouth
What is the main organ of the respiratory system?
The lungs
What is the 'control centre' of the nervous system?
The brain
What pumps blood around the body?
The heart
How many bones does the average adult have?
206 bones
What acid is produced in the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid
What muscle controls the movement of the lungs?
The diaphragm
The brain and the spinal cord are part of the ________
Central nervous system
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four; 2 atriums and 2 ventricles
What are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?
To support, protect, and allow movement
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
Peristalsis pushes food through the oesophagus and the small intestine and pushes waste through the large intestine.
Describe the process occurring at the alveolus
This is where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed from the body
Name the different types of neurons
Sensory, motor, and interneuron
Which direction do arteries and veins pump blood in?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the heart
Describe the function of cartilage
Cartilage is flexible and absorbs force, cushioning the joints of the body
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
The gallbladder is located under the liver and produces bile, which helps digest fat.
Explain the difference between 'breathing' and 'respiration'.
Breathing describes the mechanical process of air entering and leaving the lungs.
Respiration describes the biochemical process where oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream.
What type of messages/signals are sent throughout the nervous system?
The nervous system carries messages in the form of electrical and chemical signals
What makes the pulmonary artery different from other arteries?
Most arteries pump oxygenated blood away from the heart.
The pulmonary artery, however, pumps de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.
What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
Ligaments connect bone to bone
Tendons connect muscle to bone
Why do we have two different intestines?
The small intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food and the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, and produces vitamins.
The trachea is more rigid than the oesophagus. Why is that?
The trachea is more rigid to ensure the airflow is not obstructed. This is not a problem with the oesophagus, which relies on muscular contractions to push food down to the stomach.
What is the purpose of the autonomic nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls automatic responses. The somatic nervous system is part of the peripheral system and carries all other commands.
Why does a heart murmur make a whooshing sound?
A heart murmur often sounds like a whooshing or swishing of blood through the body. This occurs when a heart valve doesn't close properly
Why are we told to drink milk for strong bones? What does milk give us?
Muscle fibres contract and relax to control movement. These will often occur at opposite sides of a joint (i.e., the bicep contacts to allow the arm to bend at the elbow and the tricep relaxes to allow this motion to occur)