Skeletal
What are two main functions of the skeletal system?
Movement, protection of internal organs, produces red blood cells, mineral storage, stability
Provide an example of a skeletal muscle and a smooth muscle
Skeletal = bicep, quadricep, etc.
Smooth = Intestines, liver, kidney
Which blood vessels carry blood back to the heart?
Veins
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange—bringing oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide.
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones
Long bones act as levers to help the body move. Name one example of a long bone.
Femur or humerus.
What is the name for the muscle movements/contractions you can control with conscious thought?
Voluntary muscles
What are the three major types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
What muscle plays a major role in breathing by contracting and relaxing beneath the lungs?
The diaphragm
During a bicep curl, what anatomical movement occurs at the elbow during the upward phase?
Flexion
How many vertebrae are in the cervical section of the vertebral column?
7 cervical vertebrae.
What type of muscular contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while generating force?
Isotonic concentric contraction
What is the main function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen using haemoglobin.
What structures in the lungs are the site of gas exchange?
Alveoli.
Which type of joint is found where the ribs connect to the sternum and allows only slight movement because the bones are joined entirely by cartilage?
Cartilaginous joint.
Which synovial joint type allows the greatest range of motion?
Ball and socket joint
Fast‑twitch fibres are best suited for what kinds of activities?
High‑intensity, anaerobic strength and power activities
What is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?
Systemic = heart → body → heart; Pulmonary = heart → lungs → heart.
List the correct pathway of airflow into the body from nose/mouth to the lungs.
Nose/mouth → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli.
What anatomical movement occurs when you move your arms away from the midline of the body in a star jump?
Abduction
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons?
Axial = bones of the head, neck, spine, rib cage; Appendicular = bones of limbs and girdles (arms, legs, pelvis, scapula, clavicle).
Muscles work in pairs to create movement. What is the term for the muscle that causes the movement?
Agonist (prime mover)
Through which vessel does oxygenated blood exit the left ventricle?
The aorta
How are the cardiovascular and respiratory systems connected?
The respiratory system supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the cardiovascular system transports these gases to and from the body’s cells.
Why does respiratory rate increase during exercise? Name one system involved and explain the reason.
The respiratory system increases breathing rate to bring in more oxygen because exercising muscles need more oxygen to produce energy.