Skeletal System
What joint action occurs when you bend your elbow?
Flexion
What is the name of the muscle at the front of your upper arm?
Biceps
What organ pumps blood around the body?
The heart
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To send messages around the body and control body actions.
What joint action occurs when you point your toes downward?
Plantar flexion.
What tissue connects muscles to bones?
Tendons
What is the main role of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen around the body.
Which organ absorbs most nutrients from food?
The small intestine.
What are the two main parts of the central nervous system?
Brain and Spinal Cord
Name the joint action used when raising your arms out to the side.
Abduction
Identify the antagonist muscle during a bicep curl.
Tricep
Explain why heart rate increases during exercise.
Heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to working muscles and remove waste products like carbon dioxide.
Which hormone releases stress in the body and can be harmful in the long term?
Cortisol
What is the role of neurons in the nervous system?
They carry electrical messages between the brain and different parts of the body.
A basketball player shoots the ball into the hoop. As they release the ball what joint action is occuring?
Extension
Explain the difference between an agonist and antagonist muscle.
The agonist is the main muscle causing movement, while the antagonist relaxes or opposes the movement.
Explain the difference between arteries and veins.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood back to the heart.
Name one endocrine gland and describe its role.
The pancreas helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing insulin.
What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements like moving muscles, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions like heart rate and breathing.
Explain the difference between flexion and extension using a sporting example.
Flexion decreases the angle at a joint, such as bending the knee in a squat. Extension increases the angle, such as straightening the knee when standing up.
Identify the differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
How does the circulatory system adapt during exercise to meet the increased demands of the body?
It increases heart rate and blood flow so more oxygen and nutrients reach the muscles, while also speeding up the removal of waste products like carbon dioxide.
Explain how the digestive and endocrine systems work together after eating a meal.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, and the endocrine system releases hormones like insulin to help regulate blood sugar levels.
Explain how the nervous system and muscular system work together to produce coordinated movement in sport.
The nervous system sends electrical impulses from the brain through neurons to specific muscles, telling them when to contract and relax, allowing smooth, controlled, and coordinated movement during physical activity.