Digestive
Where is the main site of physical digestion
Stomach
What is a gland?
A tissue that releases something into the body
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Define stimulus
An environmental trigger that the body may respond to
What disease effects the ability to regulate blood glucose?
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small inestine large intestine
What is the name of the endocrine gland in the neck?
Thyroid
What are the homeostatic functions of the kidneys
Regulate water levels
Remove waste
Name the five steps in the stimulus response model
Stimulus, receptor/ sensor, control centre, effector, response
Why is type 1 diabetes considered an autoimmune disease?
The immune system attacks the beta cells of the pancreas and disrupts their ability to produce insulin
What is the purpose of the villi in the small intestine
Increase surface area for optimal absorption of nutrients
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system
Where is the medulla of the kidney?
The central area
What is the role of insulin?
Hormone which tells the cells in muscle and liver to absorb and store glucose
Name 2 symptoms of hypoglyceamia
What are the role of enzymes in digestion?
Help break down macromolecules (sugars, fats, proteins) into smaller subunits to be absorbed
Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
Releases hormones that control other glands
Why aren't cells included in the filtrate?
They are too large to pass through the glomerulus into the bowman's capsule
What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?
Negative feedback reduces the original stimulus, but positive feedback amplifies it
Which disease is associated with goitre (lump) on the neck
Bile helps break down fats. It is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the small intestine
Which hormones regulated water levels? What tissue does it effect and how?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is released from the pituitary gland and acts on loop of henle and collecting ducts of the nephron. It tells the aquaporins to open to absorb more water from the filtrate back into the body.,
What are the steps of urine production
Filtration of blood
absorption of some molecules back into blood
secretion of other molecules from blood to filtrate
Excretion to remove urine from the body
What is the difference between glucose, glycogen and glucagon
Glucose is a monomer/ monosaccharide
Gycogen is a polymer/ polysaccheride of stored glucose in the liver
Glucagon is the hormone that tells the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood stream
What is the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels? Answer with reference to the five steps of the stimulus response model
Pancreas has receptor cells to sense changes in blood glucose levels
The pancreas is the control centre and controls the response
The beta cells of the pancreas release insulin which are the effectors to lower blood glucose
The alpha cells release glucagon to raise blood glucose