Malfunction of the large intestines, what causes it, and how to treat/prevent it. (2)
What is
diarrhea, failure of L.I. to reabsorb water, pepto bismol and extra water (possibly antibiotics)
consitpation, L.I. absorbs too much water, high fiber diet or laxatives.
100
Part of the respiratory system that warms and filters air as it enters the body.
What are the nasal passages.
100
A failure of the endocine system that results in the disability to regulate blood sugar levels.
What is diabetes
100
3 items that diffuse out of the blood in the kidneys.
What is urea, extra water, and extra salt.
100
the 3 living (cellular) parts of the blood and the 1 non-living (liquid) part and their functions.
What is
Red blood cells carry oxygen (and CO2)
White blood cells fight infection
Platelets form clots to repair broken blood vessels.
Plasma carries nutrients, hormones, salt, drugs, water, and the (blood cells too!)
200
The 3 organic molecules that we ingest and the building blocks they digest into.
What is carbohydrates- simple sugars
Lipids- fatty acids + glycerol
Proteins- amino acids
200
This controls the breathing rate
What is
1) amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
2) the medulla (involuntary center of brain)
200
The pancreas would respond this way after eating a meal.
What is releasing insulin.
200
Another excretory waste NOT removed by the urinary system and the reason why is it an excretory waste.
What is carbon dioxide- it is a metabolic waste from cellular respiration
200
Any 3 substances that are regularly transported by the blood.
What is carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, glucose, urea, water, red + white blood cells, platelets, salt, hormones, enzymes.
300
The primary reason why food is digested (broken down) before it can enter a cell.
What is size determines if a molecule can pass through the cell membrane.
300
Upon inhalation, oxygen flows into the bronchiole tubes of the lungs then into the alveoli where it diffuses into here.
What is the blood stream (capillaries)
300
The body is able to maintain consistent, balanced levels of hormones within the body due to this mechanism that constantly makes corrective actions.
What is a feedback mechanism
300
The reason why poo is not an excretory waste.
What is excretory wastes are produced from chemical reactions inside the cells. Poo is not produced inside a cell- it is rejected food matter from digestive system.
300
The reason why heart rate increases during exercise.
What is the muscle cells need more oxygen and glucose to continue making more ATP for the exercise.
400
these structures found in a very long digestive organ absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. (provide both the name of the structure and the digestive organ).
What is the villi in the small intestine
400
The place where gas diffusion occurs.
What is the aveoli
400
The correct organization of life from simple to complex. (5)
What is cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
400
This often occurs to an athlete on a hot day.
What is sweat production increases as urine production decreases.
400
1 failure of homeostasis in the blood or heart, 1 characteristic of the disease, and how to treat/prevent it.
What is
Sickle cell anemia- Red blood cells are misshapen + can't carry oxygen, blood transfusions.
Heart attack, blood clot in the heart b.v. caused by cholesterol, exercise and low fat diet
hemophilia- lack of platelets that prevents blood clotting, transfusions of clotting factors
Stroke- blood clot in b.v. in brain, exercise + low fat diet + drugs to dissolve clot.
500
The composition of the blood after it leaves the small intestines.
What is the blood is high in nutrients like glucose.
500
A failure of homeostasis that is from a complication of smoking and an explanation why.
What is emphysema- tar from smoke coats the alveoli and prevents them from expanding and allowing gas exchange into the blood.
Chronic bronchitis- tar from smoke coats the cilia in bronchiole tubes (killing them) and allows more pathogens (germs) into the lungs- causing infection.
Asthma- tar and other irritants from smoke enter bronchiole tubes and cause inflammation in tubes making it difficult to breathe.
500
The 2 chemicals used to coordinate actions in the human body and maintain homeostasis. Hint: nervous system + endocrine system.
What are neurotransmitters and hormones.
500
A reason behind why a person would have high levels of white blood cells in their urine (include how the kidneys respond)
What is they have abnormally high levels of white blood cells in their blood and the kidneys filter out the extra into the urine.
500
The major functions of the pulmonary artery + veins, the aorta, and valves in the heart
What is
the aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the whole body.
pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart
Valves in the heart prevent backwards flow of blood.