Other systems
What connects muscles to bones:
A. Ligaments
B. Tendons
C. Joints
D. Musculobone tissue
B. Tendons
Which organ churns food and mixes it with gastric juices to form a semi-liquid called chyme; begins protein digestion.
A. Liver
B. Mouth
C. Large intestine
D. Stomach
D. Stomach
Which gas do humans breathe in and which do they breathe out?
Out: Carbon Dioxide
Are veins generally blue or red in appearance? Explain why
Veins are generally blue because they often carry deoxygenated blood (blood with no oxygen).
What mineral is needed for strong bones?
Calcium
What are 2 ways that the body removes waste?
Any of:
Respiration (CO2)
Urine
Sweat
What is the role of the large intestine?
Absorbs water and minerals from undigested food, forming solid waste (faeces).
What is the function of the trachea?
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
What is inflammation?
A local immune response that brings more blood and immune cells to fight infection.
What are the basic units of the nervous system?
Neurons
What is the name of the muscular tube that moves food from the throat to the stomach using wave-like muscle movements?
Oesophagus
What happens in the alveoli of the lungs?
Gas Exchange - Oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide leaves the blood.
What is the function of platelets?
They help to clot the blood and heal wounds.
What are the 4 organs that make up the Excretory System?
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra
What is the role of the spinal cord, and which system is it a part of?
The spinal cord is the communication highway between the body and the brain.
How do the digestive and circulatory systems work together?
The digestive system absorbs nutrients that the circulatory system then transports to body cells.
Explain how oxygen moves from the lungs to body cells.
Oxygen diffuses into capillaries around the alveoli, binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells, and is transported via the bloodstream to body tissues.
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?
It must pump blood at higher pressure around the whole body.
Explain the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions.
Voluntary actions are controlled consciously; involuntary actions happen automatically.
How do the nervous and muscular systems work together? Provide an example.
The brain consciously or unconsciously sends messages through nerves to muscles, telling them when to contract and relax.
Explain how villi help with nutrient absorption.
They increase surface area in the small intestine, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed.
How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together?
The respiratory system brings in oxygen, and the circulatory system transports it to cells while carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, lungs, and body.
Blood enters the right atrium → right ventricle → lungs (picks up oxygen) → left atrium → left ventricle → body → returns deoxygenated to the right atrium.
Explain the difference between the Urethra and the Ureters.
Urethra: tubular organ from the bladder, where liquid waste is released
Ureters: connect the kidneys to the bladder. Waste flows from the kidneys down through the ureters to the bladder.