Heart
How many chambers are there in the heart?
4
What are the 4 components of blood?
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Plasma
I am a muscle located between your shoulder joint and your elbow joint. I help you lift things. What am I?
Bicep brachii
What is a function of skeletal muscle?
Posture
Movement
Stability
Protection
Temperature regulation
The type of contraction where a muscle both flexes and extends (such as a bicep curl or a squat) is called?
Isotonic contraction
What is the name of the artery that carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
What is the function of two of the components of blood?
RBC: oxygen transport
WBC: immunity
Platelets: clot blood
Plasma:all of the above as it is a liquid that helps support the movement of the above blood cells.
I am a large muscle on your chest that helps move your arm across your body, like when doing a push-up. What am I?
Pectoralis Major (pecs)
What is a function of cardiac muscle?
Pumps blood around the body
The type of contraction where a muscle is under resistance without lengthening or shortening is called? Provide an example of this type of contraction.
Isometric contraction
What are the names of the four valves in the heart?
Mitral, Aortic, Bicuspid, Pulmonary
What makes blood red?
Hemoglobin
I am a muscle on the front of your thigh that helps straighten your knee when you kick a ball. What am I?
Quadricepts
What is a function of smooth muscle?
Moving substances through organs:
- food through intestines
- blood through blood vessels
- urine through urethra and bladder
When performing a bicep curl (upward phase), what is the agonist muscle and what is the antagonist muscle?
Agonist: bicep brachii
Antagonist: tricep brachii
What is the purpose of valves? What would happen if a valve did not work?
The purpose of a valve is to prevent the back flow of blood. If the valve does not work properly, blood can leak backwards causing the heart to have to work harder to pump blood, placing strain on the heart.
What are the 2 key functions of the capillaries?
Deliver oxygen and nutrients (like glucose) to cells
Pick up carbon dioxide and waste products from cells
I am a muscle in your lower leg that helps you stand on your tiptoes and push off when walking or running. I also share a name with a baby cow. What am I?
Gastrocnemius (calves)
What is the type of fibre that would be predominant in a sprinter compared to an endurance athlete?
Sprinter = fast twitch
Endurance = slow twitch
Explain how antagonistic pairs allow for movement?
Antagonistic pairs are two muscles that work in opposition to move a joint.
When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes, allowing controlled movement.
The left ventricle has a much thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle. Explain why this difference exists, and discuss how this structural adaptation affects the efficiency of blood circulation in the body.
The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body (systemic circulation), which requires higher pressure.
The right ventricle only needs to pump blood to the lungs to become oxygenated.
Compare and contrast arteries and veins?
Blood away from heart --> Blood toward heart
Usually oxygenated --> usually deoxygenated
High pressure --> low pressure
No valves --> has valves
Thick elastic wall --> thinner wall
I am a large, flat muscle on your upper back and neck. I help you shrug your shoulders, tilt your head, and move your shoulder blades. What am I?
Trapezius
Why is it beneficial for a marathon runner to have both fast and slow twitch fibres?
Fast-twitch muscle fibres:
Designed for short, powerful bursts of activity.
They contract quickly but fatigue rapidly.
Used during sprints, jumps, or rapid movements, such as overtaking in a race or a fast start/finish.
Rely mainly on anaerobic respiration (less oxygen needed).
Slow-twitch muscle fibres:
Designed for endurance and long-duration activities.
They contract slowly but are resistant to fatigue.
Activated during low-intensity, sustained exercise, when oxygen is readily available.
Rely mainly on aerobic respiration to continuously supply energy.
When performing a squat, what is the agonist and antagonist muscles being used in the downward phase?
Agonist: quadricepts
Antagonist: hamstrings or gluteus maximus