Show:
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonding
Intermolecular Forces
Metallic Bonding
Physical Properties
100
What is an Ionic bond?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
100
Atoms seeking to gain electrons in order to achieve the stable electron structure share this
What is an electron pair
100
Van der Waal's forces may be weak, but how can their strength be increased?
The more Van der Waals, the stronger.
100
Describe metallic bonding in one sentence.
Electrostatic attractions between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons.
100
Melting and boiling points are high in these 3 bonds
What are Ionic Bonds, Metallic Bonds, and Covalent Bonds
200
Ions are formed by loss or gain of electrons in order to fill this.
What is the outer-most orbital?
200
Between C2H4 and C2H6, which molecule has a stronger bond strength? Shorter Length?
C2H4 due to the central double bond
200
In Van der Waal's forces, the molecule will have what kind of charge on each end
What is positive on one end and negative on the other
200
Metal atoms are good conductors of this. Why?
What is electricity. Due to the arrangement of the atom and its lattice.
200
Metallic substances and Polar molecular substances both have this
What is a high conductivity
300
Transition elements have an unusual electron arrangement due to the placement of what two orbitals
What are the s and d orbitals
300
Atoms are held together by what type of attraction
What is electrostatic attraction
300
Hydrogen bonding is this compared to covalent bonding
What is weaker
300
The delocalized electrons have a stronger hold on this
What are metal cations
300
Ionic substances dissolve in this.
What is polar solvents
400
Atoms will position themselves so that the system will achieve this, often relating to bond length.
What is lowest possible energy
400
What are 3 different results of molecular geometry and what are their bond angles?
Linear - 180. Trigonal Planar - 120. Tetrahedral - 109.5. Trigonal Planar - 107. Bent - 105.
400
Explain why CO is polar and CO2 is a non-polar molecule.
In CO, all of the forces do not cancel out, as the dipole goes towards the more electronegative Oxygen. In CO2, the shape is linear and the dipoles are opposite of each other, making it a non-polar molecule.
400
Explain why sodium conducts electricity but phosphorus does not.
Sodium is a metal, Phosphorus is not. Sodium's lattices allows electrons to move freely, entering between the positive ions and coming out the other side, thus being conductive. The lattice of Phosphorus does not let this happen.
400
These type of substances are soluble in liquid metal
What are Metalic substances
500
The balancing of proton-proton and electron-electron repulsive forces corresponds to what?
What is bond length.
500
Explain how electronegativity is used to determine Polarity in a covalent bond.
When subtracting the electronegativities, the non-polar covalent bonds are closer to 0 and the polar covalent bonds are closer to 1.7
500
When hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine, a strong what is formed, making the hydrogen very strongly positive
What is a dipole
500
Atoms with Metallic Bonding demonstrate these 3 characteristics
What is a high electrial conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and can carry heat energy
500
Explain why Calcium has a higher melting point than potassium.
Calcium is a smaller atom than potassium and therefore it is harder to separate than Sodium. This is do to the increased attraction between the protons and electrons in Calcium.