Bonds Review

Types of Bonds

100

What type of bond exists between an atom of carbon (EN: 2.5) and an atom of oxygen (EN: 3.5)?

Polar covalent bond.

200

Describe the bond formed by an element with an electronegativity of 0.9 bonding with an element with an electronegativity of 3.0.

Ionic bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal.

300

Which substance contains a nonpolar covalent bond? 

a. N₂

b. NaCl

c. H₂O

d. HCl

A. N₂

400

What happens to the energy level of two bonded atoms when separated?

Potential energy increases and stability decreases.

500

 Describe metallic bonds.

Sea of electrons and free-floating valence electrons attracted to their positively charged metal ions.

Bond Properties

100

What are the forces that create chemical bonds?

Interactions between electrons and nuclei.

200

Describe the melting point of an ionic compounds.

Ionic compounds typically have high melting points.

300

What happens to stability when atoms bond?

Stability increases when atoms bond.

400

Which bond is formed when valence electrons are shared?

Covalent bond.

500

How does the strength of hydrogen bonds affect boiling point?

Strong hydrogen bonds lead to higher boiling points compared to other molecular compounds.

Lewis Structures/Molecular Geometry

100

Draw the Lewis structure for CO₂.

O=C=O

200

Draw the Lewis structure for NH₃.

H-N-H with a lone pair on N.

300

What is the molecular geometry of SCl₂?

Bent.

400

Identify the Lewis structure for CaO.

[Ca]⁺² [:O:]^2-

                 

500

What is the Lewis Dot Notation for Ne?

Ne with eight dots around it. 

Intermolecular Forces

100

What type of intermolecular force keeps water's boiling point high?

Hydrogen bonds.

200

Rank the strength of intermolecular forces in order from strongest to weakest.

1) Hydrogen bonds, 2) Dipole-dipole interactions, 3) London dispersion forces.

300

What distinguishes hydrogen bonds from regular dipole-dipole forces?

Hydrogen bonds are stronger and occur between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.

400

 Describe intermolecular forces vs. intramolecular forces.

 Intramolecular forces are within molecules (stronger), while intermolecular forces are between molecules.

500

What's going on with the intermolecular forces as temperature rises in water? 

An increase in temperature increases energy causing attractive forces of intermolecular forces between molecules to break, which decreases surface tension.

Polar or Nonpolar?

100

Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.

H₂O

Bent; polar

200

Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.

I₂

Linear; nonpolar

300

Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.

CO₂

Linear; nonpolar

400

Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.

CF₄

Tetrahedral; nonpolar

500

Using the Lewis structure, determine whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar.

NH₃

Trigonal pyramidal; polar