DXA
These three specific sites can be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis by DXA.
What are the lumbar spine (L1-L4), hip (total and femoral neck), and 1/3 (distal) forearm?
Patients on alendronate should be told to do this for 30 minutes after taking their pill.
What is remain upright, do not eat?
This is the recommended duration of therapy for romosozumab?
What are 12 months?
This is the first test you perform when hypercalcemia is diagnosed.
What is PTH?
This is the RDA of calcium for women over 70 years old.
What is 1200 mg of elemental calcium?
This term describes the smallest change in BMD that can be considered statistically significant.
What is the least significant change (LSC)?
What is reassurance
Teriparatide does this bone formation and this to bone resorption.
What are increase and decrease?
These are two PTH-dependent causes of hypercalcemia?
What are PHPT and FHH?
This CNS radiographic finding can be seen in over 50% of patients with hypoparathyroidism.
What are basal ganglia calcifications?
Changes in BMD by more the 1 of these results in the elimination of that vertebral level from interpretation.
What is standard deviation?
After every 6 month denosumab, CTX would be expected to __ and the gradually __ but not back baseline.
What is decrease and then increase?
This practical matter may make abaloparatide preferrable to teriparatide for patients.
What is the difference in need for ongoing refrigeration with teriparatide?
Foreign body granulomas, lymphomas, sarcoidosis all cause hypercalcemia through an increase in this hormone which is PTH-___.
What is 1,25-OH vitamin D and independent?
This injectable agent has a carrier linker that slowly releases the active portion, PTH 1-34 and can be used to decrease pill burden (GENERIC NAME for full credit).
What is palopegteriparatide?
A software addition to DXA will allow this analysis of pixel variation that can be used to enhance fracture risk estimation by FRAX.
What is trabecular bone score (TBS)?
The design for the FREEDOM trial for denosumab and the FREEDOM extension could be describe as this.
What is a 3 year placebo controlled trial followed by a 7 year open label extension.
The DATA-SWITCH trial showed this change in BMD when patients were switched from denosumab to teriparatide.
What is a decrease in BMD?
Two vitamins that when in excess cause hypercalcemia.
What are vitamin D and vitamin A?
This is how you prepare a continuous IV solution for severe hypocalcemia.
What is add 11 g (11 amps) of 10% calcium gluconate (90 mg of elemental calcium per 10 mL amp) to normal saline or D5W to final volume of 1000 mL?
When positioning the patient for DXA, this should be done to the hip which will obscure the lesser trochanter.
What is internally rotate?
The basis for current guidelines regarding duration of therapy for oral and IV bisphosphonates come from these two landmark trials.
Romosozumab is a monoclonal antibody against sclerostin. Sclerostin inhibits this signaling pathway thereby inhibiting osteoblast activation
What is the wnt signaling pathway?
What is 24-hydroxylase?
The mutation and inheritance pattern for this patient with normal calcium and PTH.
What is paternal transmission of loss of function mutation of GNAS1 gene?
Pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism, Type 1 PHP, AHO phenotype with normal calcium homeostasis. GNAS1 encodes alpha subunit of GPT-binding protein which couples with PTH receptor and activates adenyl cyclase