Bone Basics
Name one function of the skeletal system related to blood production.
Hematopoiesis
Which type of bone tissue makes up the outer, dense layer of bone?
Compact bone
Growth in length of long bones occurs at the _______.
Epiphyseal plate
What happens to bones when a person is bedridden and there’s no mechanical stress?
Bone mass decreases
This is a partial, incomplete fracture commonly seen in children
Greenstick fracture
What type of bone is the carpal?
Short bone
What structure connects the blood and nerve supply of the medullary cavity to the central canals?
Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals
Growth in bone width happens when osteoblasts add bone to the _______ and osteoclasts remove bone from the _______.
What is Periosteum; endosteum?
These two hormones regulate blood calcium levels — one increases it by stimulating osteoclasts, and the other decreases it by inhibiting them
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels; Calcitonin decreases them
Which type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks into multiple pieces?
Comminuted fracture
Which part of a long bone in an adult contains yellow marrow used for fat storage?
Medullary cavity
These bone-forming cells produce collagen fibers and help build the extracellular matrix. Who are they?
Osteoblasts
This type of ossification builds flat bones like the skull, while the other creates long bones like the phalanges.
What is Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification?
During bone repair, what’s the proper order of events from the initial break to complete healing?
Hematoma → Soft callus → Hard callus → Remodeling
This bone disease causes bones to become weak and brittle, and this one involves an infection that destroys bone tissue.
Osteoporosis causes brittle bones; Osteomyelitis is a bone infection