Bones and Muscles

Skeletal Basics

100

This strong, flexible tissue covers the ends of bones to prevent them from rubbing together.

caartilage

200

This membrane surrounds the bone and contains blood vessels and nerves, helping the bone heal after injury.

Periosteum

300

This disease makes bones brittle and is common in women over 50.

Osteoporosis

400

A healthy skeletal system supplies this mineral to nerves, muscles, and the heart to help maintain a stable internal environment.

calcium

500

This connects bones to other bones at a joint.

ligament

Bones and Joints

100

The hard, outer portion of a bone is made of this type of bone tissue.

compact bone tissue

200

• This is the less dense type of bone tissue found in short bones like those in the wrist.

spongy bone tissue

300

This type of marrow, found in the longest part of long bones, is used to store fat.

yellow bone marrow

400

An immovable joint is found in this part of the body.

skull

500

Hips and shoulders are examples of this type of movable joint, while knees and elbows are another type.

balll and socket joints (knees/elbows are hinge joints)

Muscular system

100

•  These types of muscles attach to bones and are consciously controlled.

skeletal muscles (or voluntary muscles)

200

 This involuntary muscle lines blood vessels and organs and helps move material through the body.

smooth muscle

300

This is the strong tissue that connects muscles to bones and stabilizes joints.

tendon

400

 When your bicep muscle contracts to pull your arm up, this muscle relaxes.

tricep

500

This type of involuntary muscle has branches with discs at the ends which send signals to other cells to contract together, helping pump blood.

cardiac muscle

Skin

100

 This is the outermost layer of skin that produces melanin

epidermis

200

This pigment protects the body by absorbing some of the sun's damaging ultraviolet rays

melanin

300

• This injury occurs when blood vessels in the skin are broken but the skin is not cut open, causing the color to change over about two weeks.
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bruise

400

This vitamin is made by the skin when exposed to sunlight and helps with bone growth.

vitamin D

500

This innermost layer of skin acts like padding and stores energy.

fatty layer

Homeostatsis and more

100

This is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

homeostasis

200

Shivering occurs when muscles contract rapidly to change chemical energy into this type of energy to raise body temperature.

thermal energy

300

The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by supplying these three things to nerves, muscles, and the heart.

calcium, fat, and red blood cells

400

When the body is too hot, the skin maintains homeostasis by releasing thermal energy through these two methods.

sweating (through pores) and dilating blood vessels 

500

To protect the body from cold and prevent thermal energy loss, blood vessels in the skin do this.

constrict or narrow