Joints
What type of joint allows for free movement?
Synovial
What does the root word osteo- mean?
Bone
What are the two types of bone?
Cancellous - Spongy, light but strong, more elastic
Compact - Heavy, dense, strong, found in long bone shafts
What parts of the skeletal system are described as "axial"?
Skull, ribs, spinal column, and sternum
What is the purpose of yellow bone marrow?
Composed of adipose tissue to serve as an energy reserve. May convert back to red bone marrow.
Define ligaments and tendons.
Ligaments are fibrous material that connect bone to bone. Tendons are fibrous material that connect muscle to bone.
What is the process of ossification?
When osteoblasts harden the matrix, calcium and phosphate salts are deposited
What is the arrow pointing to in this image?
Growth plate
What type of bone is the axial skeleton mostly made of?
Cancellous
What is the name of the area where bones come into contact with each other?
Articular surfaces
Name a type of cartilaginous joint?
Pelvic symphysis
Describe three of the functions of bone.
Support, leverage, protection, blood cell formation, storage
What is the difference between periosteum and endosteum?
Periosteum - covers bone surface
Endosteum - lines hollow interior of bones
What bones are fused together to form the pelvis?
Ilium, ischium, pubis
What is the difference between a foramen and a fossa?
Foramen - Hole in the bone, meant for blood vessels or nerves
Fossa - Depression/sunken area on bone surface, meant for muscles or tendons
Why is the synovial membrane important?
Produces the synovial which lubricates the joint surfaces (allows for movement!!)
What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts build the matrix (bone material) and osteoclasts DESTROY :D
Give an example of where you can find:
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Long: arms and legs
- Short: wrist and ankle
- Flat: ribs, hip bones
- Irregular: Vertebrae, sesamoid, facial bones
Starting from the scapula and moving distally, name the bones (or group of bones) of the arm in order.
Bonus: name the anatomic structure that protrudes from the elbow.
Scapula, humerus, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Bonus: olecranon
Seven cervical vertebrae.
What type of movement do pivot joints allow? Provide an example of this type of joint.
Only rotation
Found at the C1 and C2 articulation
What is hematopoiesis and where does it occur?
Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells. This process is in the red bone marrow.
Describe the central vascular channel of compact bone?
- Open channel known as the Haversian canal
- Contains capillaries, arterioles, venules, nerves, and potentially lymphatics
- layers made of lamellae (concentric mineralized bone)
What bones are these arrows pointing to? (Show image of skeleton diagram)?
See diagrams
Label the bones that make up the skull and beginning of the vertebrae. (See diagram)
See diagram