Mineral properties
The Moh's scale measures this (values are from 1-10)
Hardness
What is the mineral group that is made from silicon and oxygen, and possibly another element?
Silicates
What texture (grain size) would an extrusive rock have?
Fine grained. Extrusive rocks cool fast and do not have enough time to form large crystals
What feature of sandstone allows it to hold water and oil?
High porosity. Sandstone has lots of interconnected spaces between grains.
Garnets are formed from silica rich rocks under high temperatures and pressures. What is the texture of a rock with garnets embedded in it?
Porphyroblast.
What type of luster does pyrite have? (in Mr. Breitfelder's hand)
Metallic Luster
Name one example of a silicate mineral.
Options include quartz, feldspar, and mica
Daily Double:
What mineral forms last in fractional crystallization?
What mineral melts first in partial melting?
Quartz crystallizes last. All other minerals have crystallized, so quartz fill whatever space is left.
Quartz also melts first. partial melting is the exact opposite of fractional crystallization.
What makes up a clastic rock?
Pieces of sediment. These can be large or small. The grain size determines the type of clastic sedimentary rock.
What 2 conditions are necessary for metamorphism to occur?
High temperatures and high pressures
Does calcite have cleavage or fracture?
Cleavage
Daily Double:
Name one example of a carbonate mineral
What is an identifying feature of carbonate minerals that other mineral groups do not possess?
examples can include calcite, dolomite, and aragonite
Daily double: carbonates react (fizz/effervesce) with acid
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is molten rock underground.
Lava is molten rock on the surface of Earth.
What type of sedimentary rock is limestone?
Biochemical sedimentary. (Limestone comes from the shells of once-living organisms)
What needs to happen for igneous rock to become sedimentary rock? (use the rock cycle)
uplift(exposure to the outside), weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
A sample of hematite is being tested to see if it is an ore. What would need to be true of the sample if it is an ore?
The mineral would need to make a profit
Oxides are minerals containing oxygen and a metal. Name one example of an oxide.
Examples can include hematite, magnetite, and chromite
Daily Double:
Describe a porphyritic rock.
(What would it look like? What conditions form a porphyritic texture?)
Porphyritic rocks have large crystals surrounded by tiny, fine-grained crystals.
When magma cools slowly, then quickly, porphyritic texture forms
Daily Double:
Name a chemical sedimentary rock.
How does it form?
Examples include salt or gypsum
Dissolved minerals reach the saturation point in water. As the water evaporates, crystals precipitate to the bottom of the water. When the water is gone, only the evaporite is left.
How does contact metamorphism occur?
An igneous intrusion (magma plume) pushes into the Earth's crust. If the magma reaches the surface of Earth, it would be a volcano. The rocks near the magma get heated and change into metamorphic rock.
What is the difference between strip mining and underground mining? What is the most harmful of the two?
Strip mining(also known as pit mining) occurs when a large open area is dug out and exposed. Underground mining is where a tunnel is dug underground. Open pit mining is more destructive.
A sample of aquamarine has a mass of 13.5g and a volume of 5cm3. What is the specific gravity of aquamarine?
D=m/v
13.5g/5cm3 =
2.7g/cm3
What are the four factors involved in the formation of magma?
Temperature
Pressure
Water content
Mineral content
The four main causes of erosion are wind, water, gravity, and glaciers.
Which 2 form well sorted sediment?
Which 2 form unsorted piles of sediment?
Wind and water form well sorted sediments
Gravity and glaciers form unsorted piles of randomly placed sediment.
Describe foliation. Include how foliation develops in a metamorphic rock. Pictures will be accepted with explanation.
Foliation occurs when pressure pushes on igneous rock from two directions. The blocky crystal grains in the original rock get squeezed into long lines.