Biology of Learning
Perception, Learning & Memory
Cognitive Abilities and Bias
Developmental Psychology
Taming Our Minds
Learning as a Social Behavior
200
The heritable adaptation process that increases an organism's chances of survival
What is evolution?
200
A way of understanding by drawing structures with symbols instead of description
What is sketchnoting?
200
All forms of knowing and awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem solving. Along with affect and conation, it is one of the three traditionally identified components of the mind
What is cognition?
200
The philosophy of education pioneered by Jean Piaget
What is constructivism?
200
The Japanese concept that means "a reason for being"
What is Ikigai?
200
A concept used to modify behavioral decision-making; relies on our first impressions and plays on external or internal triggers that directly influence behavior
What is the nudge approach?
400
The neurotransmitter that plays a major role in motivation and addiction in the reward circuit of the brain
What is dopamine?
400
Interim memory process in between sensory memory and long-term memory
What is short-term (memory)?
400
This German psychologist developed the IQ test in 1912
Who is William Stern?
400
According to Piaget, these are the basic building blocks/units of knowledge
What are schemas?
400
The name for the mental exercise which consists of voluntarily focusing on the present moment without judgement
What is mindfulness?
400
A set of shared beliefs, values and techniques that form a consensus, turn an area of research into a discipline and provide a source of standardization of scientific practices
What is a paradigm?
600
The study of inherited genetic changes (active vs inactive genes) that don't involve changes to the DNA sequence, but do change the physical structure of the DNA and influence what phenotype is expressed
What is epigenetics?
600
Students with this attention problem would be helped by the following classroom setup:
Seating away from distractions, preferably front and center
Seating near a good role model
What is ADHD (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder)?
600
It's important to be aware of this type of "reasoning" because it could lead to invalid conclusions:
if A then B
not A
therefore...?
What is conditional reasoning?
600
Secure
Dismissive-avoidant
Anxious-ambivalent
Fearful-avaoidant (disorganized)
What are attachment styles?
600
The core topic of Ikigai workshops
What is purpose?
600
This experiment conducted by Bandura showed that children (ages 3-6) will change their behavior based on what they see others doing (they can learn social behavior through observational learning)
What is the Bobo doll experiment?
800
This phenomenon reduces synaptic connections in an infant brain to optimize neural circuits
What is neural pruning?
800
A condition in which one sensory pathway involuntarily evokes another sensory pathway in the brain (eg. associating/seeing specific colors with certain letters or words)
What is synesthesia?
800
The use of deliberate and controlled mental operations, often in a flexible manner, to solve novel problems that cannot be performed automatically; also referred as fluid intelligence (Gf)
What is fluid reasoning?
800
This unlabeled section represents what a learner can do with help from a more knowledgeable other
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
800
A pathology that could be alleviated by a regular meditation exercise
What is stress?
800
According to Bandura, this term refers to “the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations”
What is self-efficacy?
1000
Continuous stress accumulates this and can lead to atrophy of the brain and stress response system (HPA axis)
What is cortisol?
1000
Broadbend’s theory depicting a trait of attention that selects information to be processed
What is the Bottleneck theory (or filter theory)?
1000
Q: If a baseball bat and a ball cost 1,10£, and we know that the bat costs 1£ more than the ball, then how much does the ball cost?
A: 5 cents.
This is the name for the bias experienced by people who answer “10 cents”
What is attribute substitution (or substitution bias)?
1000
Bruner’s theory which asserts that children depend on adult support when learning something new, but as they become more independent the support can be gradually reduced
What is scaffolding?
1000
This American professor of medicine helped spread and promote the practice of meditation in Europe in the 1970s
Who is Jon Kabat-Zinn?
1000
This theory explains the psychological phenomenon of why people tend to dislike losses more than they like (equivalent) gains; people are more willing to take risks to avoid losses compared to their willingness to take risks for gains
What is prospect theory?