Nutrition
This macronutrient provides most of the body’s energy and fiber, yielding 4 kcal per gram.
What are carbohydrates? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 39)
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide most of the body’s energy and fiber. Each gram produces 4 kcal.
This alteration in bowel pattern is defined by infrequent, hard, and dry stools that are difficult to pass.
What is constipation? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 43)
Rationale: Constipation is a bowel pattern of difficult and infrequent evacuation of hard, dry feces.
This stage of wound healing lasts 3 to 6 days and is characterized by vasoconstriction, clot formation, and phagocytosis by macrophages.
What is the inflammatory stage? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 55)
Rationale: The inflammatory stage begins with the injury and lasts 3 to 6 days. It controls bleeding through vasoconstriction and clot formation and delivers oxygen and nutrients via macrophage-driven phagocytosis.
This occurs when there is reduced sensory input from the internal or external environment and may result in disorientation, restlessness, or decreased coordination.
What is sensory deprivation? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 45)
Rationale: Sensory deprivation is reduced sensory input and can lead to cognitive, affective, or perceptual changes such as disorientation, anxiousness, and decreased coordination.
These are the six rights of medication administration.
What are right patient, medication, dose, time, route, and documentation.
Rationale: Following the six rights prevents medication errors and is a cornerstone of safe nursing practice.
This nutrient provides 9 kcal per gram and is important for energy and vitamin absorption.
What are fats? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 39)
Rationale: Fats provide energy and vitamins. Each gram produces 9 kcal.
This factor stimulates intestinal activity and increases skeletal muscle tone necessary for defecation.
What is physical activity? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 43)
Rationale: Physical activity stimulates intestinal activity and increases skeletal muscle tone needed for defecation.
This type of wound healing occurs when tissue loss is present, wound edges are widely separated, and granulation tissue is required to fill in the wound.
What is healing by secondary intention? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 55)
Rationale: Secondary intention healing involves loss of tissue with unapproximated wound edges, longer healing time, increased infection risk, and granulation tissue filling the wound.
Clients with hearing loss should be communicated with by speaking clearly, sitting face-to-face, and avoiding this common but ineffective behavior.
What is shouting? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 45)
Rationale: For clients who have hearing loss, nurses should not shout. Instead, speak clearly, slowly, and face the client.
This precaution type is required for clients with tuberculosis and involves wearing an N95 respirator
What is airborne precautions?
Rationale: Airborne precautions are needed for airborne pathogens like TB, measles, and varicella, and include N95 use and negative pressure rooms.
These are the fat-soluble vitamins (4).
What are vitamins A, D, E, and K? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 39)
Rationale: The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.
This type of urinary incontinence is caused by bladder overdistention and can occur due to a neurologic disorder or an enlarged prostate.
What is overflow incontinence? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 44)
Rationale: Overflow incontinence is due to urinary retention from bladder overdistention, obstruction, or impaired detrusor muscle and can occur from a neurologic disorder or enlarged prostate.
This type of drainage contains both serum and blood, appears pale pink, and is commonly seen during the healing process.
What is serosanguineous drainage? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 55)
Rationale: Serosanguineous drainage contains both serum and blood. It is watery and pale pink due to the mixture of red and clear fluids.
This age-related visual condition is caused by decreased elasticity of the lens and affects the ability to focus on close objects.
What is presbyopia? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 45)
Rationale: Presbyopia is the age-related loss of the eye’s ability to focus on close objects due to decreased lens elasticity.
This document communicates a client's wishes regarding medical treatment and end-of-life care and includes options like living wills or durable power of attorney for health care.
What is an advance directive?
Rationale: Advance directives ensure that a client's preferences for medical treatment are respected and legally followed when they’re unable to communicate.
This eating disorder involves binge eating followed by purging at least once per week.
What is bulimia nervosa? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 39)
Rationale: Bulimia nervosa is a cycle of binge eating followed by purging, occurring at least once per week for 3 months.
This medication treats the pain associated with urinary tract infections but does not cure the infection and turns urine an orange color.
What is phenazopyridine? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 44)
Rationale: Phenazopyridine is a bladder analgesic that relieves bladder discomfort and turns urine orange.
This complication involves a protrusion of visceral organs through a surgical wound and requires emergency treatment.
What is evisceration? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 55)
Rationale: Evisceration is the protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening. It requires emergency intervention, sterile saline-soaked dressings, and surgical care.
This sensorineural condition involves a benign tumor on cranial nerve VIII and can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance disturbances.
What is acoustic neuroma? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 45)
Rationale: Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor on cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve), associated with sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance issues.
This prioritization framework helps nurses determine the order of care by focusing first on airway, then breathing, then circulation.
What is the ABC priority framework?
Rationale: The ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) guide the nurse in responding to the most life-threatening conditions first.
Clients should be placed in this position when preventing aspiration during feeding.
What is high Fowler’s position? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 39)
Rationale: To prevent aspiration, position the client in high Fowler’s position or in a chair.
This hormone, which increases during pregnancy, causes relaxation of the urinary sphincter, contributing to urinary frequency and incontinence.
What is relaxin? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 44)
Rationale: The hormone relaxin causes relaxation of the sphincter during pregnancy, which contributes to urinary incontinence.
This type of pressure injury presents with full-thickness skin and tissue loss, exposing bone, tendon, or muscle, and often includes undermining or tunneling.
What is a stage 4 pressure injury? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 55)
Rationale: Stage 4 pressure injuries involve full-thickness skin and tissue loss with visible or palpable structures like bone, muscle, or tendon. Epibole, tunneling, and undermining are common.
In clients with sensorineural hearing loss, this tuning fork test will show sound lateralization to the unaffected ear.
What is the Weber test? (ATI Fundamentals Ch. 45)
Rationale: In sensorineural hearing loss, the Weber test indicates sound is heard better in the unaffected ear (lateralized to unaffected side).
This technique is used to maintain sterility during procedures and is broken if items fall below the waist, are out of sight, or come into contact with non-sterile objects.
What is surgical asepsis (sterile technique)?
Rationale: Surgical asepsis prevents infection by maintaining a sterile environment; any break in technique contaminates the field.