Tree Layers
The wood in the center of the tree that is no longer living. It gives strength to the tree.
What is heartwood?
What we call a young gymnosperm tree
What is a sapling?
Plants with tubes that carry liquid inside
What are vascular plants?
The little bumpy clusters found on the underside of a frond. They are acutually clusters of sporangia.
What are sori?
Spore containers
What are sporangia?
This type of fern has bright green leaves that arch outward as they grow. They like mild temperatures and sun. They do a great job purifying the air in your home.
What is the Boston fern?
Ferns can grow new fern plants by spreading _________ along the ground from their rhizomes. It's not really a new plant because each new fern is a clone of the original plant with the exact same DNA.
What are runners?
Provides protection to the inside layers of tree
What is bark or cork?
This word describes plants that are green all year long. They do not lose leaves all at one time like deciduous trees. They are designed to hold water and do not transpire much. Because of this, they are equipped to survive in cold regions.
What are evergreens?
Plants that do not have tubes inside but instead absorb liquid
What are nonvascular plants?
These are similar to seeds. However, they are very tiny and, unlike seeds, they have no food stored inside them. To germinate, they must have soil and light right away because they need to begin making food immediately.
What are spores?
If a spore lands somewhere that has just the right amount of soil, moisture, and light, it grows into this tiny, heart-shaped plantlet. The structure contains the male and female parts of the fern.
What is a prothallus?
These ferns are evergreens. During the winter the fronds lay flat on the ground, but they perk up when spring comes.
What are Christmas ferns?
When fronds grow thick and heavy, the fond of some ferns lean down and touch their tips into the dirt. A fern can sprout new plants like this. This is similar to _________ plants. The new plants are clones of the original.
What is rooting?
The living wood found just outside the heartwood in a tree. Stores excess food as starch. In the spring, this starch is converted into sugar.
What is sapwood?
This word names the type of tree that produces cones. Seeds are open to the air. One example is a Pine Tree.
What are conifers?
The tubes that carry fluid and important nutrients in humans, animals, and even plants!
What are veins?
The stalk or stem of the fern plant. It ends where the leaves begin.
What is the stipe?
Male parts of the prothallus that look like little bumps on its base
What are the antheridia?
The leaves of this fern are shaped like a four-leaf clover. It loves watery places.
What is the clover fern?
The prothallus can make a little packet of cells called a __________. This package then gets carried off by animals or water to form a new prothallus somewhere else.
What is a gemma?
Thin layer of cells that makes xylem and phloem. Causes tree to grow wider.
What is vascular cambium?
Category of plants that produces uncovered seeds
What are gymnosperms?
Ferns are examples of this type of plant. (Vascular or nonvascular?)
What is vascular?
The center of the frond. It is sometimes referred to as the axis. It is the extension above the stipe, which connects the frond to the central stem of the fern.
What is the rachis?
Female parts on the prothallus. They contain the eggs.
What are the archegonia?
These are giant ferns that look like trees. Their trunks are actually made of intertwined roots. They look a lot like palm trees.
What is the tree fern?
What types of roots do ferns have?
What are rhizomes?
Transports food to the parts of tree. Made of phloem.
What is inner bark?
This is the conifer shape
Bonus: Why is this shape beneficial to conifers?
What is a skinny "A" shape?
Bonus: It allows snow to fall off so that the limbs are less likely to break.
Moss and lichen are examples of this type of plant. (Vascular or nonvascular?)
What is nonvascular?
The leaflets that attach to the the rachis or midrib. They are often made up of more individual leaflets called pinnules.
What is pinna?
A developing fern first grows into this. It looks like the top of a violin or fiddle. When it is ready, it unfurls and develops into a fern frond.
What is a fiddlehead?
This fern has odd leaves. Some look like the horns of a deer. Sporangia almost completely cover the frond. They are considered tropical plants.
What is the staghorn fern?
Ferns are classified in this group of plants. The name comes from the Greek word which means wing or feather.
DOUBLE POINTS
What is pteridophytes?