GYMNOSPERMS
Evolution of Eukaryotes and Misc.
Fungi
Angiosperms General
Fruits!
100

The process of bringing the sperm
to the egg

Pollination

100

What type of organism is believed to have given rise to chloroplasts?

Photosynthetic cyanobacterium

100

What is the mode of nutrition, cell wall component, and storage carbohydrate of Fungi?

Heterotrophic, chitin, glycogen

100

The androecium is made up of these funky little structures.

Stamens

100

Bananas and tomatoes are this type of fruit

Berry

200

The gymnosperm phylum in which all taxa have opposite phyllotaxis

Gnetophyta

200

The simultaneous evolution of two populations that have a strong selective force on one another.

Coevolution

200

What are the fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes called? What are the three subtypes (based on shape)?

Ascocarps. apothecium (cup-shaped), perithecium (flask-shaped), and cleistothecium (closed, spherical)

200

The lower parts of sepals + petals + stamens all fused together and fused to the ovary.

Hypanthium

200

Simple fleshy fruit with spongy pericarp covered by a thin leathery rind of exocarp

Hesperidium

300

Word describing plants with individual
sporophytes that are either male, producing only pollen, or female producing only ovules/seeds). 

Dioecious

300

What are two pieces of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. Double membranes suggest phagocytosis. Both organelles replicate independently through binary fission 

300

Why are there 8 spores contained
within an ascus?

meiosis followed by mitosis

300

The Difference between an ovule and an ovary

Ovules develop into seeds, the ovary holds ovules.

300

fruit developed from a flower with apocarpous gynoecium; the units that make up an
aggregate fruit, each corresponding to one of the carpels of the flower, are called fruitlets

aggregate fruit

400

The Three living genera of Gnetophyta

Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum

400

The artificial group for strictly asexual fungi that reproduce by conidia

deuteromycetes

400

Which of the 3 fungi phyla covered in class have septate hyphae.

Basidiomycota and ascomycota

400

Has one megaspore, and is known as a megasporangium.

Ovule

400

What is the practical function of fruits

Protect the seed

500

In a pine ovule at the fertilization stage, the tissues around the megagametophyte are the *BLANK* (nucellus) and the*BLANK*

Megagametophyte and integument

500

In a mushroom, the basidiospore is borne on a structure called a __________, which bares the basidiospores on horn-like structures called ____________.

Basidium, Sterigma

500

In what order do meiosis, plasmogamy, and karyogamy occur in fungi? Briefly define plasmogamy.

Plasmogamy=fusion of two haploid hyphae of different mating types.

Plasmogamy->Karyogamy->Meiosis

500

Name all 7 cells found in an angiosperm ovule.

3 Antipodals, 2 Synergids, 1 Central Cell, 1 Egg cell

500

The ovary wall develops into THIS layer in fruit. (It starts with a P)

Pericarp

600

Why are gymnosperms considered evolutionary precursors to angiosperms?

They were among the first plants to evolve seed

600

Which process in modern eukaryotic cells provides a hint about how endosymbiosis may have occurred?

phagocytosis

600

What is the name of the asexual spores produced by Ascomycota?

Conidia

600

What are the products of double fertilization?

First Fertilization: diploid zygote that develops into the embryo.

Second Fertilization: triploid endosperm

600

Name all parts of the mature embryo

Hypocotyl, epicotyl, cotyledons, radicle, root cap