Describe 2 main differences between monocots and dicots.
What is 1) Mono- one seed leaf, Di- two seed leaves, 2) Mono- parallel leaf veins, Di- branched leaf veins, 3) Mono- flower parts in multiples of 3s, Di- flower parts in multiples of 4s or 5s.
100
Explain how leaves change color in the fall.
What is 1) a separation layer forms between the leaf and the stem (so it will fall off), 2) protective layer shuts off water flow, chlorophyll production shuts down and other colors show through (carotenoids and anthocyanins)
100
The difference between a perfect flower and an imperfect flower
What is Perfect flowers have both male and female parts; Imperfect flowers lack either male or female parts.
100
The difference between a solvent and a solute.
What is Solvent is the substance dissolving the Solute.
100
Plant hormone that speeds up fruit ripening.
What is Ethylene.
200
These grow around and/or into root systems to aid plants in a symbiotic relationship.
What are mycorrhyzal fungi
200
The difference between transpiration and guttation.
What is Transpiration is evaporation from the leaf surface; Guttation is loss of water due to root pressure forcing it out.
200
The difference between a simple and complex ovary.
What is Simple has only one division (carpel); Complex has two or more carpels.
200
The difference between Diffusion and Osmosis.
What is Diffusion is movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration; Osmosis is diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration of water to a region of low concentration.
200
Pressure flow involves moving from a source to a sink. Give an example of each.
What is Source- leaves, photosynthetic stems, roots; Sink- roots, stems, fruits, flowers
300
Cylinder in the center of a root that holds the vascular tissues
What is a stele?
300
How the the upper epidermis of a leaf differs from the lower epidermis.
What is upper has more chlorophyll, more for photosynthesis; lower has more stomata, more for respiration.
300
The three parts of the pericarp, and where each part is usually found in a fruit
What is 1) Exocarp (skin of fruit), 2) Mesocarp (everything between exo and endocarp), 3) Endocarp (inner boundary around seed)
300
The difference between plasmolysis and imbibition.
What is Plasmolysis- loss of fluid content of cell because of low concentration of water on the outside of the cell; Imbibition- swelling of tissues, whether they are alive or dead, often to several times their original volume.
300
The flowering of plants is tied to its ________ period and is called ________________________.
What is Dark; Photoperiodism.
400
The main difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms
What is Gymnosperms have unprotected seeds. Angiosperm seeds are inside an ovary.
400
How can you tell the age of a twig?
What is count the internodes
400
The difference between monoecious flowers and diecious flowers.
What is Monoecious have both male and female flowers on the same plant; Diecious have male and female flowers on separate plants.
400
The difference between passive and active transport of water and/or solutes in water, with an example of each.
What is Passive- without extra energy expended (diffusion, osmosis); Active- extra energy needed to perform function ("proton pump", mangroves expel extra salt)
400
The 5 factors of soil formation.
What are 1) parent material, 2) climate, 3) topography, 4) time, and 5) biotic factors.
500
Describe one specialized root structure, how it benefits the plant and give one example.
What is (several answers- food storage, water storage, adventitious, pneumatophores, aerial, contractile, buttress, parasitic)
500
Describe one specialized stem structure, how it benefits the plant and give one example.
What is (several answers- rhizomes, runners, stolons, tubers, corms, bulbs, cladophylls)
500
One example of each: a simple fruit, an aggregate fruit and a multiple fruit.
What is (several) Ex: Simple- apple, cherry, tomato, grape; Aggregate- strawberry, raspberry; Multiple- pineapple, Osage orange, mulberry
500
Explain the Cohesion-Tension Theory (a.k.a. How water moves through a plant from root and out leaves).
What is 1) Soil to root hairs by osmosis, 2) epidermis to endodermis by osmosis, 3) endodermis to xylem by osmosis, 4) xylem to leaf by cohesion/tension, 5) out leaf by osmosis, then transpiration.
500
How phototropism works.
What is Auxins produced in tips of plants are light sensitive and move away from light; greater concentration of auxins on side away from light causes elongation of that side.