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Cell Division
Heredity
Molecular Biology
Evolution
Animal Form/Function
100
The stage in mitosis where chromosomes are separated into chromatids. In this phase, microtubules that are connected to the chromatids shorten, pulling the chromosomes to opposite poles.
What is anaphase
100
One of several varieties of a gene.
What is an allele
100
The person responsible for producing an X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA
Who is Rosalind Franklin
100
A structure present, that has no actual function.
What is a vestigial structure
100
When a change in a condition is detected and a metabolic process is initiated to return the condition to an earlier state.
What is negative feedback
200
In this stage in meiosis, the nuclear envelope disappears and the spindle develops. There are no chiasmata and no crossing over of genetic material in this phase.
What is Prophase II
200
The term for the location on a chromosome where a gene is located. Every gene has a unique location on a chromosome
What is a locus
200
The direction that DNA polymerase and its antiparallel travel.
What is 3' --> 5' and 5'-->3'
200
The differences in survival and reproduction among individuals in a population as a result of their interaction with the environment. In other words, the process of "weeding out" with regards to genetic superiority.
What is natural selection
200
This system forms in and around the cerebrum and is associated with emotions.
What is the limbic system
300
When somatic cells have half the number of chromosomes.
What is a haploid
300
An experiment in which only one trait is being investigated.
What is a monohybrid cross
300
Short segments of complementary DNA that are connected by DNA ligase, producing a single complementary strand.
What are Okazaki fragments
300
The state that populations are compared to. This is also the state that the Hardy-Weinberg principle uses as a standard
What is genetic equilibrium
300
Lymphocytes that originate and mature in the bone marrow that respond to antigens; Lymphocytes that also originate in the bone marrow, but mature in the thymus gland. These recognize nonself cells.
What are B and T cells
400
Two functional limitations for cell size limit growth. Hint: One has to do with the physical size of the cell, and the other has to do with genetic material.
What is surface to volume ratio and genome to volume ratio
400
When two different alleles in a heterozygous condition produce a blend of the original expression.
What is incomplete dominance
400
The function of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
What is m-proveds the template used for sequencing amino acids into a polypeptide. t- used for transporting amino acids to their proper place on the mRNA. r- molecules that combine with various proteins to form ribosomes. These are then transcribed in the nucleolus and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to form a ribosome subunit.
400
The possession of more than the normal two sets of chromosomes found in diploid (2n) cells.
What is polyploidy
400
The molecules that regulate blood glucose concentration in blood.
What is insulin and glucagon
500
Proteins that attach to Cdks, altering their conformation and readying them for activation. Without this, Cdks are inactive
What are cyclins
500
Genes that reside on the same chromosome and thus cannot segregate independently because they are physically connected
What are linked genes
500
The functions of initiation, elongation, and termination in transcription
What is i- to unzip the DNA into 2 strands. starts with TATA. E- The RNA molecule is elongated in the 5-3 direction. One DNA strand is transcribed. T- the RNA polymerase reaches a group of nucleotides that serve as a termination point.
500
The difference between microevolution and macroevolution
What are the details of how populations change from generation to generation versus the general patterns of change in groups of related species that have occurred over broad periods of geologic time.
500
Animals that obtain body heat from their environment so their temperatures often vary with the temperature of their environment.
What are ectotherms