Lasers
This procedure uses an Nd:YAG laser to create an opening in a cloudy posterior capsule, a common complication after cataract surgery.
What is a YAG capsulotomy?
The most common cause of bilateral, non-granulomatous anterior uveitis in young adults, this systemic condition is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 gene.
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
According to U.S. standards, a person is considered "legally blind" if their best-corrected visual acuity is this level or worse in the better-seeing eye, or if their visual field is 20 degrees or less.
What is 20/200?
An acute, painful, staphylococcal infection of a gland at the eyelid margin, commonly known as a stye.
What is an External Hordeolum?
Retinal signs like AV nicking, cotton-wool spots, and flame-shaped hemorrhages are classic indicators of end-organ damage from this extremely common cardiovascular condition.
What is Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)?
To treat or prevent angle-closure glaucoma, this laser procedure creates a small hole in the peripheral iris to equalize pressure between the anterior and posterior chambers.
What is a Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)?
A "salt and pepper" fundus is a classic ocular sign of this congenital infection, which is part of the TORCH complex.
What is Congenital Syphilis?
This technique involves training a patient to use a non-central area of their retina, known as the preferred retinal locus (PRL), to view objects when a central scotoma is present.
What is Eccentric Viewing Training?
This chronic, non-infectious granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland presents as a firm, painless nodule within the eyelid.
What is a Chalazion?
The finding of a "Hollenhorst plaque," a bright cholesterol embolus, within a retinal arteriole is a strong warning sign of advanced plaque buildup in this major artery in the neck.
What is Carotid Artery Disease / Stenosis?
This laser treatment selectively targets pigmented cells in the trabecular meshwork to improve aqueous outflow and manage open-angle glaucoma.
What is Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)?
This autoimmune disorder can cause a characteristic "butterfly rash" on the face and may lead to retinopathy featuring cotton-wool spots and intraretinal hemorrhages.
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
This type of magnification, achieved by making the object itself larger (e.g., using large-print books), is also known as "real" magnification.
What is Relative Size Magnification?
This condition, where the eyelid margin turns inward, causes eyelashes to rub against the cornea, leading to irritation, pain, and potential scarring.
What is Entropion?
A transient, curtain-like loss of vision in one eye, known as amaurosis fugax, can be caused by an embolus originating from a heart with this common type of electrical arrhythmia.
What is Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib)?
Used to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy, this procedure involves applying laser burns to the peripheral retina to reduce oxygen demand and inhibit neovascularization.
What is Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP)?
A patient presenting with "bone spicule" pigmentation in the mid-periphery, nyctalopia (night blindness), and progressive visual field loss might have this inherited retinal dystrophy, which can be associated with Usher syndrome.
What is Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)?
Using Kestenbaum's Rule, a patient with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 would require approximately this dioptric power in a spectacle-mounted magnifier to read standard 1M newsprint.
What is +10 Diopters?
In cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, this procedure involves flushing sterile saline through the puncta and canaliculi to assess for patency.
What is Lacrimal Dilation and Irrigation (D&I)?
The presence of Roth spots, which are retinal hemorrhages with distinct white centers, is a classic ocular manifestation of this infection of the heart's inner lining or valves.
What is (Bacterial) Endocarditis?
This acronym describes the use of a femtosecond laser to create the corneal flap and ablate stromal tissue during a refractive surgery procedure.
What is LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)?
Copper deposition in Descemet's membrane, known as a Kayser-Fleischer ring, is a pathognomonic ocular finding for this genetic disorder of copper metabolism.
What is Wilson's Disease?
This wearable optical system, which consists of a small telescope mounted on a pair of spectacle lenses, is often used by individuals with mild to moderate visual impairment for tasks like driving or spotting distant signs.
What is a Bioptic Telescope?
The presence of cylindrical dandruff or "collarettes" at the base of the eyelashes is pathognomonic for an infestation of this mite.
What is Demodex?
A central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), an ocular emergency, can be caused by an embolus that forms as a result of a patent foramen ovale, which is a persistent hole between these two upper chambers of the heart.
What are the Atria (or Atriums)?