Optic Nerve / Neuro-Ophthalmic Pathways
This term describes swelling of both optic nerve heads, a crucial clinical sign that indicates high intracranial pressure.
What is Papilledema?
This iconic instrument, full of various lenses, is used during a subjective refraction to famously ask the patient, "Which is better, one or two?"
What is a Phoropter (or Refractor)?
Known for its ubiquitous "swoosh" logo, this athletic apparel giant entered the medical wear scene, offering scrubs with its popular Dri-FIT moisture-wicking technology.
What is Nike?
This testing method, often using Teller cards with black-and-white gratings, relies on an infant's natural tendency to look at a patterned stimulus over a blank one to estimate visual acuity.
What is Forced-Choice Preferential Looking?
This first-line prostaglandin analog for open-angle glaucoma is famous for its side effects of increasing eyelash growth and causing iris darkening.
What is Latanoprost?
A lesion that compresses the optic chiasm, most commonly a pituitary adenoma, will classically result in this specific pattern of bilateral visual field loss.
What is a Bitemporal Hemianopsia?
Known by patients as the "puff of air test," this instrument provides a fast, non-invasive screening measurement of a patient's intraocular pressure.
What is a Non-Contact Tonometer (NCT)?
This brand, whose name sounds like a picturesque fruit, is famous for its wide array of vibrant colors, stylish designs, and comfortable, stretchy fabrics, making it a favorite among healthcare fashionistas.
What is Cherokee?
This reflex, present in newborns, causes the eyes to move in the opposite direction of head rotation to stabilize the visual field and is often tested by the "doll's eye" maneuver.
What is the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR)?
This anticholinergic is the standard drop for pupillary dilation during a routine exam, known for its relatively fast onset and short duration of mydriasis.
What is Tropicamide?
A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), or Marcus Gunn pupil, is a sign of unilateral or asymmetric optic nerve disease and is detected using this specific test.
What is the Swinging Flashlight Test?
This essential biomicroscope combines a high-magnification optical system with a focused slit of light to examine the health of the cornea, iris, and lens.
What is a Slit Lamp?
A go-to for many students and hospitals due to its affordability and durability, this brand shares its name with a popular animated character who is a sailor man partial to spinach.
What is Popeye?
The development of amblyopia, or "lazy eye," is most likely to occur during this sensitive timeframe in early childhood when the visual system is highly neuroplastic.
What is the Critical Period?
This oral medication for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus requires close monitoring due to its risk of causing a characteristic "bull's-eye" maculopathy.
What is Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)?
According to the "ISNT" rule for evaluating a healthy optic nerve rim, the tissue should be thickest in this quadrant.
What is the Inferior quadrant?
To verify the prescription in a pair of eyeglasses or to identify an unknown lens power, an optician uses this device.
What is a Lensometer (or Focimeter)?
This premium brand is instantly recognizable by its simple, capitalized four-letter name and is known for its minimalist, modern aesthetic and proprietary FIONx fabric.
What is FIGS?
Fine stereopsis, the basis for 3D vision, typically emerges in infants between these ages, marking a significant milestone in binocular visual development.
What is 3 to 6 months of age?
This potent topical steroid "workhorse," often referred to by its brand name Pred Forte, is used for severe anterior segment inflammation but carries a high risk of increasing IOP.
What is Prednisolone Acetate (1%)?
A lesion in the temporal lobe affecting Meyer's Loop will produce a contralateral superior quadrantanopia, a defect often remembered by the mnemonic "pie in the..." what?
What is "...the sky"?
By observing the movement of the light reflex from a patient's retina, this handheld instrument allows an examiner to objectively determine refractive error without any subjective feedback.
What is a Retinoscope?
With a name that brings to mind a compassionate medical professional, this brand is known for its "Certainty Plus" fluid-barrier and antimicrobial technologies embedded in its fabrics.
What is Careismatic.
This classic experiment by Gibson and Walk used a glass-covered drop-off to demonstrate that infants develop depth perception and an awareness of heights around the time they begin to crawl.
What is the Visual Cliff experiment?
This oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is a go-to systemic medication to rapidly and significantly lower intraocular pressure during an acute angle-closure attack.
What is Acetazolamide (Diamox)?