Water's Makeup
The two elements and their amounts in one molecule of water (H20)
What is 2 Hydrogens and 1 Oxygen?
Name 1 of the 5 ocean gyres
1. North Pacific
2. South Pacific
3. North Atlantic
4. South Atlantic
5. Indian Ocean
The effect where winds and currents are deflected right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere due to Earth's rotation.
What is the Coriolis Effect?
The primary way freshwater leaves the ocean.
What is evaporation?
The difference between El Niño and La Niña in terms of Pacific Ocean surface temperature.
What are El Niño is warmer and La Niña is cooler?
The bond that links the atoms inside a single water molecule, and the weaker bond that links two separate water molecules together.
What are covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds?
Name 1 difference between Warm vs Cold surface currents
Warm surface currents
increased rates of evaporation
heavy rainfall on nearby coasts (Florida in summer)
high cloud cover
high humidity
Cold surface currents
low evaporation
arid, dry coastlines (California)
less clouds
foggy conditions
The type of pressure system that hurricanes are characterized by.
What is a low-pressure system?
The tool used to measure water clarity by seeing how deep you can lower a disk before it disappears.
What is a Secchi Disk?
The process where deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface.
What is upwelling?
The formula used to calculate density.
What is Density = Mass/Volume
The type of tide with the largest tidal range, which happens when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a line.
What is a Spring Tide?
Name 1 of the 3 major atmospheric circulation cells found between the equator and the poles.
What are the Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, and Polar Cell?
The general location where you would expect to see the most turbid (cloudy) water.
What is near the coastline, river mouths, or after a storm?
The recommended action to take if you are caught in a rip current.
What is to swim parallel to the shore?
You mix 35 grams of salt into a beaker containing 1000 mL of water. What is the salinity of the beaker after mixing?
What is 35 ppt?
The term for water rising toward the shore
What is Flood Tide?
The regional names for the powerful storms that form over oceans (like the Atlantic/Northeast Pacific, Northwest Pacific, and Indian Ocean).
What are Hurricane, Typhoon, and Cyclone?
The 1 of the 2 ways salt enters the ocean.
What are weathering/erosion of continental rocks and volcanic activity (outgassing)?
The 1 of the 3 kinds of wave breaks that hit the shore
What are Spilling, Plunging, and Surging?
The two main factors that determine how dense seawater is.
What is temperature and salinity?
The name for the bending of a wave crest as it approaches a shore or headland.
What is wave refraction?
The dangerous dome of water created by a hurricane's extremely low pressure.
What is a storm surge?
The reason why the ocean water at the equator has lower salinity.
What is high precipitation (rain)?
The primary natural events that cause tsunamis.
What are underwater earthquakes and underwater landslides?