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What are the meninges? Name each layer.
he meninges are protective layers around the brain and spinal cord. The layers are:
Dura mater – outer tough layer
Arachnoid mater – middle web-like layer
Pia mater – inner layer adhering to the brain/spinal cord
Where is CSF found in the CNS?
Ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of spinal cord
Diencephalon Structures
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
Lateral sulcus separates:
temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes
Basal nucleus within:
Substantia nigra
The subarachnoid space is found between what two layers?
A sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres along the longitudinal fissure
Purpose of CSF?
Cushions the brain, removes waste, provides nutrients
Define fissures, sulci, gyri.
Fissures – deep grooves
Sulci – shallow grooves
Gyri – ridges between sulci
Thalamus Function
relay station for sensory impulses, pain
Neurotransmitter produced:
dopamine
What is the tentorium cerebelli and where is it found?
A fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
CSF circulation from production to reabsorption
Lateral ventricles → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → subarachnoid space → reabsorbed into arachnoid villi
Longitudinal fissure separates:
Left and right cerebral hemispheres
Hypothalamus Functions
brain's "alarm system;" homeostasis:
regulation of appetite, hunger, thirst, water balance, circadian rhythm, body temperature, libido, & hormones
Midbrain - Posterior portion
Four bumps = corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi → visual reflexes
Inferior colliculi → auditory reflexes
What are the ventricles of the brain? Name each of them and how they are connected.
Fluid-filled cavities in the brain:
Lateral ventricles (1 in each hemisphere) → connected to 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramina
3rd ventricle → connected to 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle → connects to subarachnoid space via median and lateral apertures
Four Regions of the Brain
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, diencephalon
Transverse fissure separates:
cerebrum and cerebellum
Epithalamus
Contains pineal body. Involved in olfactory senses and sleep/wake cycle
Cerebellum: Location and anatomy:
Posterior to brainstem; has two hemispheres and a central vermis
Where is CSF made?
In the choroid plexus of the ventricles
Brainstem Structures
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Central sulcus separates:
frontal and parietal lobes
Bumps on anterior portion:
Cerebral peduncles
Functions of cerebellum
Balance and coordination
Fine motor control