Vision I
Genes for two color photoreceptors are found on what chromosome?
X chromosome (M and L)
Chemical in the rods that reacts to photons
rhodopsin
A patient with damage to V5 will experience issues with what?
motion perception
LTP stimulates what two things?
1)Adds more AMPA receptors
2) increases sensitivity of receptors to neurotransmitters
Amnesia patient that was who's memory was highly studied.
H.M.
Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too _______.
long
off center/on center surround cells will respond most strongly when light is shined where?
light that is focused on the surround
amygdala
NMDA receptors have what type of block?
magnesium
Type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers, which is essential for the use and understanding of language.
semantic memory
Boundaries of visual objects against a background are enhanced through what process that is found in the visual system?
lateral inhibition
Rods ______ in response to light and release ______ neurotransmitter.
hyperpolarize; less
Purpose of microsaccades (3 main things)
refresh image
prevent adaptation
prevent the image from fading out
Bipolar cells and photoreceptors generate _______ potentials, while ganglion cells generate ______ potentials when stimulated.
graded potentials; action potentials
Two forms of cellular neuroplasticity that occur with learning and memory.
Long term potentiation (LTP) - strengthening synapse
Long term depression (LTD) - weaken synapse
First layer of the retina that light traveling hits and last layer to receive the neural signal from the photoreceptor cells.
ganglionic
These cells are responsible for spatial memory/learning.
hippocampal place cells
T/F
The highest density of rods is in the fovea.
False
Neurotransmitter used by both bipolar cells and photoreceptors
glutamate
Type of learning that is exemplified by the Aplasia.
non-associative
Extended stimulation of +L+M/-S will likely produce what color in an afterimage.
violet/blue
Two different regions of the visible light spectrum have opposite facts in these cells.
Spectually opponent cells
Brain areas involved in forming new memories.
hippocampus
dorsal medial thalamus
maxillary bodies
Not really physiology, neuroanatomy question: inferior temporal lobe is responsible for what?
facial recognition
What happens to the CA1 NMDA knockout mouse in the Morris water maze?
Pharmaological treatment blocks LTP and impairs learning and can't complete the task. AMPA receptors are impaired. Never creates spatial memory for the room and learn to quickly find the platform to escape.