Visual System & Future of Neuro
This is the light-sensitive part of the eye, and it contains photoreceptors.
What is the retina?
These are the four macromolecules that are essential for building life.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
These are the four lobes of the brain (+ 100 bonus points for function).
What are the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes?
These two body parts make up the central nervous system.
What are the brain and the spinal cord?
Disorders which involve malfunctions to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves are known as ____ disorders.
What is a neurological disorder?
This neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow.
What is fMRI?
This type of cell has the ability to differentiate into any type of cell.
What is a stem cell?
What is the brain region that connects the olfactory and noradrenergic systems?
What is the locus coeruleus (LC)?
This is the electrical signal that neurons use to communicate.
What is an action potential?
This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, and changes in behavior.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
This process involves using brain scans to detect neural signals and applying algorithms to interpret or predict specific behaviors or activities in patients or animals. What is it called?
What is neural decoding?
These two ions are what is exchanged between the membrane to generate an action potential?
What are sodium and potassium?
This chamber of the heart is the one that first receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
What is the left atrium?
These are the 6 main parts of the neuron.
What are the dendrite, soma/cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminal?
Parrots, humans, and dolphins independently gained the ability to imitate speech from their environment due to the process of ______ ______.
What is convergent evolution?
More than ⅓ of the ____ cortex is involved in analyzing the visual world, and visual information is processed in ______ lobe of the cortex.
What is the cerebral cortex? What is the occipital lobe?
This is the name for the overall process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
What is the central dogma of biology?
This is a specialized nerve cell in the nasal cavity that detects scents and converts them into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for smell perception.
What is an odor response cell?
This is the main excitatory neurotransmitter.
What is glutamate?
This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and balance problems due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
What is Parkinson's disease?
These are 3 differences between the two types of photoreceptors.
Rods are better in low light conditions. Cones can detect color (red, green, blue). There are more cones in your fovea than rods.
What type of cell is responsible for myelinating the axons in the peripheral nervous system?
What is a Schwann cell?
This makes the pulmonary artery unique compared to other arteries in the body.
What is the fact that it carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
This structure allowed Hodgkin and Huxley to first record the action potential.
Squid giant axon
These type of neurons die in this brain region to produce the effects of Parkinson’s disease.
What are dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra?