Anatomy
What is the hearing receptor organ?
Organ of Corti
What is ALS/Lou Gehrig's disease?
Neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord, progressive muscle weakness
What is tolerance?
When the body is used to the drug and needs more to get the same effect
What is synaptic pruning?
Too many brain cells develop early on and form too many connections as a result
Cut away useless synapses to make room for more useful connections
What is the difference between rods and cones?
Rods - low light level vision
Cones- higher light, color vision
Which lobe contains the motor cortex?
Frontal
What is agnosia?
Damage to certain areas of the temporal lobes → problems with identifying visual stimuli
What drug can break a psychostimulant addiction?
None haha fools >:3
What is neurogenesis?
Ability to generate new neurons
What are the five basic tastes?
Bitter, sweet, salty, sour, umami
What does white matter have that grey matter does not? What does this mean for neurons?
Myelinated axons
Signals travel faster
ADHD is characterized by...
Inattentiveness, hyperactivity, impulsive behaviors
How can brain tumors be treated?
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
What part of the brain is last to reach maturity?
Prefrontal cortex
What is synaptic plasticity?
Ability of synapses to strengthen/weaken over time as their activity increases or decreases.
What is the difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?
Schwann cells - PNS
Oligodendrocytes - CNS
What is hydrocephalus?
CSF accumulates in the brain, resulting in
increased pressure in the skull, can lead to headaches/balance problems/mental impairment
What drug can reverse opioid overdoses?
Naloxone
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death (ex. space between fingers)
What is the function of the dopamine neurotransmitter?
Facilitates voluntary movement and conveys pleasure
What does the insula do for emotions?
Allows you to feel disgust (reaction to an odor or bad food) and anticipate pain
What is Broca's Aphasia?
No speech production, but speech comprehension
What is the goal of depression treatments?
Raise levels of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Fastest growing brain region in babies
Cerebellum
Describe a reflex arc
Sensors, afferent/sensory neurons, spinal cord, efferent/motor neurons, effector (aka muscle)