On one condition
Conditioning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
What is classical conditioning?
_________ memories are consolidated into ________ memories
What are short term/working; long term?
Part of the brain important for declarative memory
What is the hippocampus?
Patient HM had his _______ removed to prevent seizures.
What is hippocampus?
This part of the brain is important for learned fears
What is amygdala?
Continued sensation of an amputated body part.
What is phantom limb?
Type of learning in which behavior is influenced by its consequences
What is operant conditioning?
_______ amnesia is a loss of previously established memories and ________ is an inability to make new memories.
What is retrograde; anterograde?
Cells in the hippocampus that fire when a rat is a specific place?
What are place cells?
This type of memory for personal events and experiences was massively impaired in HM.
What is episodic memory?
Important for decision making, working memory, and episodic memory
What is prefrontal cortex?
When other axons to form new branches take over the vacant synapses after a cell loses input from an axon
What is axon sprouting/collaterals?
Learning the association between an air puff and tone occurs in the Lateral Interpositus nucleus in the ________.
What is cerebellum?
Term referring to the physical representation of learning in the brain
What is engram?
This task is impaired following hippocampus damage because the rats can no longer remember the location of the hidden platform
What is Morris Water Maze?
HM could still learn this _________.
What is motor skills/procedural learning?
Important for associative learning, especially types that require accurate timing
What is cerebellum?
This happens in musicians who practice extensively when the expanded representation of each finger overlaps its neighbor. The fingers become clumsy, fatigue easily, and make involuntary movements that interfere with the desired task.
What is focal hand dystonia?
_______ refers to an increased probability of behavioral response and _______ refers to a decreased probability of a behavioral response
What is reinforcement; punishment?
Drugs taken to facilitate cognition, attention, and memory.
What are nootropics?
Type of memory for situations, sounds, sights, etc. present at the time of learning that requires the hippocampus
What is contextual memory?
HM had impaired _______ memory, but intact _______ memory.
What is explicit/declarative; implicit/non-declarative?
Areas of the medial and inferior temporal lobe are important for this type of memory, which you need to answer jeopardy questions
What is semantic memory?
Process in which if a certain set of synapses becomes inactive—perhaps because of damage elsewhere in the brain—the remaining synapses become more responsive, more easily stimulated.
What is denervation supersensitivity?
If a preciously neutral tone is paired with food and then begins to elicit a salivation response by itself, the tone is considered a __________.
What is conditioned stimulus?
Sensitization in Aplysia is facilitated by the release of this neurotransmitter an interneuron, causing K+ channels to stay open longer.
What is serotonin?
During LTP there is enough stimulation to remove the magnesium that blocks ____ receptors, which can ultimately result in more _____ receptors
What are NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors?
In addition to implicit procedural learning, this type of memory was intact in HM, unless he was otherwise distracted.
What is short term/working memory?
Important for gradual, probabilistic learning of information that by integrating information over many trials/procedural learning?
What is the basal ganglia?
This has been shown to reduce stress, increase dendritic branching of neurons, and result in neurogenesis?
What is exercise?