Exterior Brain Regions
The point where the spinal cord connects with the brain. It takes in, sends out, and coordinates all of the brain’s messages, and controls the body’s vital functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, and digestion.
What is the brain stem?
Responsible for many roles in behavior and personality, such as planning, initiated movements, social and emotional processing, and attention, as well as roles in memory retrieval and storage.
What is the frontal lobe?
Controls body temperature, thirst, appetite, sleep patterns, and other processes in our bodies that happen automatically.
What is the hypothalamus?
The area of your brain that’s responsible for the voluntary control of your skeletal muscles, the muscles we can move and control.
What is the motor cortex?
Brain lesion or tumor symptoms:
Changes in personality or behavior
Impaired judgment and decision-making
Difficulty with concentration and attention
Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (if the motor cortex is affected)
Difficulty with expressive language (Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe)
Changes in emotional regulation
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for all reasoning, planning, memory, and sensory processing. All conscious thought originates here.
What is the cerebrum?
Responsible for visual perception and involved in some forms of visual, short-term memory.
What is the Occipital Lobe?
Makes the hormones that control our growth, metabolism, digestion, sexual maturity, and how we respond to stress
What is the pituitary gland?
Responsible for the conscious perception of visual input, the ability to interpret what you see.
What is the visual cortex?
Brain lesion or tumor symptoms:
Visual disturbances, such as partial or complete loss of vision (contralateral to the side of the lesion)
Visual hallucinations
Difficulty recognizing objects or faces (visual agnosia)
Difficulty with visual processing and perception
Visual field defects (such as homonymous hemianopia)
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for all movements in the left side of your body.
What is the right cerebral hemisphere?
Responsible for processing smell and sound, as well as the ability to recognize and understand words and language. They are also involved in visual memory.
What is the temporal lobe?
Carries messages from the sensory organs, like the eyes, ears, nose, and fingers, to the cerebrum.
What is the thalamus?
Responsible for the conscious perception of sound.
What is the auditory cortex?
Brain lesion or tumor symptoms:
Problems with spatial awareness and perception
Difficulty with visual-spatial tasks
Impaired sense of touch or body awareness (contralateral to the side of the lesion)
Difficulty with reading, writing, and mathematical calculations
Apraxia (difficulty with motor planning)
Neglect of one side ofthe body or space (contralateral neglect)
Parietal Lobe
Responsible for balance, movement, and coordination.
What is the cerebellum?
Responsible for sensing touch, spatial processing, language, and memory.
What is the parietal lobe?
The rounded masses that receive information about smells from the nose and send it to the temporal lobes of the brain, by way of the _____.
What are the olfactory bulbs/tracts?
Responsible for the conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste.
What is the sensory cortex?
Brain lesion or tumor symptoms:
Difficulty with memory (especially if the hippocampus is affected)
Auditory hallucinations
Changes in language comprehension (Wernicke's area is located in the temporal lobe)
Altered sense of smell (olfactory hallucinations or anosmia)
Seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy is common)
Emotional disturbances, such as aggression or irritability
Temporal Lobe
Connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
What is the corpus collosum?
List 5 functions of the frontal lobe.
Responsible for many roles in behavior and personality, such as planning, initiated movements, social and emotional processing, and attention, as well as roles in memory retrieval and storage
Carry signals from the eyes to the ______ _____, the location where the nerves cross to the opposite sides of the brain.
What are optic nerves / optic chiasm?
List the lobe that contains each cortex.
Frontal Lobe = Motor Cortex
Parietal Lobe = Sensory Cortex
Occipital Lobe = Visual Cortex
Temporal Lobe = Auditory Cortex
The tumor in this brain region causes the brain to continuously secrete growth hormones.
Pituitary Gland