Brain Injuries
What does TBI stand for?
Traumatic Brain Injury
What was Phineas' job before the accident?
Foreman on the railroad construction crew, in charge of blasting through rock
What is a concussion?
A type of TBI caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth
What was the item that pierced Phineas' skull called?
Tamping iron
This is one of the most important items to wear for the prevention of brain injury in children and adults.
A helmet!
What is the difference between an open and a closed brain injury?
Closed: no open wound or fracture, a concussion, when the brain hits the inside of the skull, it's dangerous because it could swell and cut off oxygen
Open: a puncture or a fracture, open to infection, room to swell
What is one behavior Phineas showed after his "full recovery"?
Angry, turned down $1000, swears, makes bad decisions, doesn't listen to others, etc.
True or False: You have to get hit in the head to get a concussion.
False!
Name one thing Phineas did after the accident that was shocking.
Walked, talked, joked around on the porch, said he'd be back to work in a few days, took notes in his journal, etc.
This is the first thing you should do when getting in a car. One of the best ways to protect against brain injury during a car crash
Seat belt
When can an athlete who has suffered a concussion go back to playing their sport?
When they are cleared by a doctor.
True or False: Phineas went back to work at his old job after he recovered.
False.
True or False: A concussion always includes losing consciousness or passing out.
False
What year did the accident happen?
1848
What is the most common cause of TBIs in older adults?
Falls
Name two ways brain injuries can be caused.
Penetration of the skull (Phineas), head trauma/blow to the head, stroke, lack of oxygen, infection/illness, tumor, etc.
What drugs does Phineas's doctor prescribe to him and what medical theory of the time is his prescription based off of?
Emetic: makes him throw up
Purgative/Laxative: makes him go to the bathroom
The Four Humors--he was out of balance
How many concussions go unreported?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
C. 50%
True or False: In 1828, Louis Pasteur discovered what he called "germs"
False
What is one of the most preventable causes of brain injury?
Distracted/reckless driving
How many people are affected by TBIs?
Over 2.5 million each year, about 12% of the adult population
Our reading stated that Phineas "showed little deference for his fellows." What does deference mean?
Respect, usually acting humble towards others, showing empathy
Which sports or recreational activities lead to the most concussions among children and youth ages 5-18?
Name three of the top five.
Bicycling, football, basketball, playground activities, and soccer
What part of the brain was injured during Phineas' accident?
Frontal lobe, prefrontal cortex
Why are we learning about this unit in Language Arts class? Why is it important in general?
Many answers accepted.