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System of interneurons in the brain stem that receives and integrates sensory information from all parts of the body. It influences almost all functions of the nervous system but is especially known for its effects on attentiveness, waking, and sleeping.
Reticular Formation
Vital component in the human brain as it plays a role in motor movement regulation and balance control.
Cerebellum
A long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. Transmit signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration.
Medulla
Common sleep disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep.
Insomnia
Decreases in length as night of sleep progresses
Vague, partial images and stories; night terrors or sleeping walking might happened during this period
NREM
The left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain and vice versa.
Contralateral hemispheric organization
Involved in language comprehension
Left temporal lobe
Wernicke's area
The parietal lobe is vital for sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell. It is home to the brain's primary somatic sensory cortex.
Parietal Lobe
Directs muscle movements involve in expressive speech
Left frontal lobe
Broca's Area
The large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other
Corpus Callosum
The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head. It includes the primary visual processing areas of the brain
Occipital Lobe
The belief that dreams are the brain's way of making sense of random electrical signals created during REM sleep. Preserve and develop neural connections
Activation-Synthesis
Increase in length as night of sleep progress
nightmares, paradoxical sleep (Paralyzed body)
REM Stage
Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst, learning, motivation; hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala
Limbic System
Auditory area of the brain, sound is processed
Temporal Lobe
Test that measures electrical activity in the brain
EEG (electroencephalogram)
Registers and processes body sensations, located in the front of the parietal lobes
Somatosensory Cortex
The brain's capacity to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, is central to modern neuroscience.
Brain Plasticity
Sudden attacks of sleepiness
Narcolepsy
The region of the cerebral cortex located in the frontal lobes, primarily responsible for the planning and execution of voluntary motor activities
Motor Cortex
The natural cycle of physical, mental, and behavior changes that the body goes through in a 24-hour cycle
Circadian rhythm
During NREM3, when people get up and walk around while asleep.
Somnambulism (sleep walking)
Memory consolidation occurs during sleep by strengthening the brain connections that produce memories
Memory consolidation and restoration theory
Stop breathing during sleep, treatment CPAP machine
causes: age, thick neck, narrow airway, nasal obstruction
Sleep Apnea
During this stage, it is dream-like experiences, transitional state of consciousness between wakefulness and sleep
Hypnogogic sensations (stage 1)