Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis happens mainly in this plant cell organelle.
What are chloroplasts?
This molecule is the main energy currency of the cell.
What is ATP?
This organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because it produces ATP.
What are mitochondria?
This is the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and DNA is replicated.
What is interphase?
This molecule carries genetic information in all living organisms.
What is DNA?
This green pigment in plants absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
This organelle is the primary site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells.
What are mitochondria?
This organelle packages, modifies, and ships proteins—like the cell’s postal service.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
These _______—at G1, G2, and M—ensure the cell only divides when conditions are right.
What are cell cycle checkpoints?
The process by which cells divide to produce gametes, reducing the chromosome number by half.
What is meiosis?
Plants make this simple sugar during photosynthesis.
What is glucose?
This simple sugar is the main fuel molecule broken down during cellular respiration.
What is glucose?
These ribosome-covered membranes are involved in protein synthesis and folding.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
This mitotic stage is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase?
The physical expression of an organism’s genetic makeup is called its ______.
What is a phenotype?
These reactions of photosynthesis need sunlight to make ATP and NADPH.
What are the light-dependent reactions?
Glycolysis occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm (or cytosol)?
This large, membrane-bound structure in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and waste.
What is the central vacuole?
This is the term that means cell suicide.
What is apoptosis?
This structure, found in the nucleus, is made of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.
What is a chromosome?
The tiny pores on leaves that let gases enter and exit the plant.
What are stomata?
When oxygen is absent, muscle cells convert pyruvate into this compound.
What is lactate (or lactic acid)?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down damaged cell parts.
What are lysosomes?
During this phase, each chromosome is duplicated to form sister chromatids.
What is S phase?
This process copies DNA into RNA so the cell can make proteins.
What is transcription?