Neuron
The neuron’s life-support center. It contains the nucleus of the neuron.
Cell Body
Emotional control center and is involved in behavior and personality
Frontal Lobe
The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
medulla
What are the 2 parts of the Nervous System?
Central and Peripheral
Define brain plasticity
Your brain is sculpted not only by your genes but by your life
Structure and organization of the brain are somewhat changeable or “plastic,” not “hard-wired”
Receive and integrate information from other cells and send it to the cell body
Dendrites
Processing center of your brain (meaning it takes external information and interprets what it is)
Parietal Lobe
Sits above the brainstem and acts as the brain’s sensory control center that directs sensory information to the rest of the brain/body
thalamus
The Central Nervous System is made up of the ______ and _________.
Brain, Spinal Cord
Damage to this area can result in problems with language comprehension
Wernicke's area
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
Axon
Handles visual perception including color, form, and motion
Occipital Lobe
What does the brainstem do?
It relays information between the two and it also controls certain organ functions like your heart and lungs.
List 3 functions of the Nervous System.
Controlling thoughts, memory, learning, and feelings.
Movements, such as balance and coordination.
Senses, including how your brain interprets what you see, hear, taste, touch and feel.
Sleep, healing and aging.
Heartbeat and breathing patterns.
Response to stressful situations.
Digestion, as well as how hungry and thirsty you feel.
Body processes, such as puberty.
Damage to this area can result in issues with the production of speech
Broca's area
A layer of fatty tissue that covers the axon of some neurons and helps increase the speed of nerve impulses
Myelin Sheath
Processes parts of visual perception (sight) and auditory perception (sound)
Temporal Lobe
the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem that enables learning, skill memory, movement, and balance. A huge focus is posture and balance.
cerebellum
What does the adrenal gland do?
releases hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar to provide a surge of energy.
Triggers fight or flight response
What is one function of the spinal cord?
Controls body movements and functions
Reports senses to your brain
Manages your reflexes
Cells that interact with neurons. They provide nutrients, insulate myelin, guide neural connections, and more. They also help with memory, thinking, and learning.
Glial Cells
The 3 main regions of brain
Forebrain
Hindbrain
Midbrain
the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center
Cerebral cortex
What does the pituitary gland do?
It secretes many hormones that contribute to growth and development.
What does the right hemisphere vs left hemisphere of brain focus on?
Right: Nonverbal processing such as imagination, emotion, visual and musical recognition
Left: Verbal processing such as speaking, reading, and writing