Parts
Outside Factors
Critical Windows
Attachment
P.I.E.S.M.
100

What is the brainstem?

This part of the brain is responsible for breathing, heart rate, and sleeping.

100

What is fetal alcohol?

This substance in alcohol can severely damage brain development before birth.

100

What is the first three years of life?

The brain grows the most during this time.

100

What is secure attachment?

This type of attachment helps babies feel safe and secure.

100

What is physical development?

Learning to crawl and walk is part of this development.

200

What is the cerebellum?

This part controls movement, balance, and coordination in infants.

200

Who is a caregiver?

Loving and consistent care from this person helps brain development.

200

What is infancy or toddlerhood?

This is the best time to start learning a second language.

200

What is comfort or response?

Babies build attachment by getting this when they cry.

200

What is intellectual development?

Recognizing shapes and solving puzzles is part of this development.

300

What is the amygdala?

This brain region helps toddlers with emotional responses like fear or anger.

300

What is nutrition?

Lack of this basic need can cause delays in physical and brain growth.

300

0–18 months?

This window is when babies are most sensitive to bonding and attachment.

300

What is a secure base?

A toddler with a strong attachment is more likely to explore the world from this.

300

What is emotional development?

A toddler learning to say “I’m mad” shows growth in this area.

400

What is the prefrontal cortex?

This part of the brain is still developing in toddlers and affects decision-making. 

400

What is toxic stress?

This kind of stress, when constant and intense, can harm the developing brain.

400

What is infancy (0–12 months)?

Vision and hearing have critical windows in this age range.

400

What are trust issues or anxiety?

Not forming a strong attachment may lead to these emotional problems.


400

What is social development?

Sharing toys and playing with others helps this kind of development.

500

What is the hippocampus?

This part of the brain helps with forming and storing early memories.

500

What is poverty or an unsafe home?

Living in this type of environment can lead to developmental challenges.

500

What are language skills

Missing critical windows for these skills may lead to speech delays.

500

What is crying when the caregiver leaves, or smiling when they return?

Name one behavior that shows a baby is attached to a caregiver.

500

What is moral development?

Learning right from wrong is part of this development.