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Histology
Functions
Gross Anatomy
Regulation of Urine
Body Fluid Regulation
100
What epithelia lines the ureters?
Transitional epithelium
100
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
What is a nephron
100
The __ is a slit that admits the renal nerves, blood vessels, lympathics and ureter into the kidney
What is the hilum
100
__ controls the total amount of substance that passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute
What is the tubular load
100
What is the main contributor to blood osmolality?
What is sodium
200
What is the smooth muscle in the bladder?
What is the detrusor muscle
200
What is the Bowman's capsule function?
Filters out the blood
200
Name the three layers of connective tissue that bind the kidney
The renal fascia, peri-renal fat capsule, fibrous capsule
200
What controls the max rate a substance can be actively reabsorbed from nephron
What is the Tubular maximum
200
What two parts of the nephron are active in reabsorption and secretion?
What is the Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
300
What is the epithelia of the thick segment of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
What is simple cuboidal
300
What is activated when bladder wall is stretched?
The Micturition Reflex
300
What binds the kidney and associated organs to the abdominal wall?
What is the renal fascia
300
ADH makes the __ more permeable to water and causes water retention
What is the Collecting Duct
300
What are the three sensors that regulate thirst?
Hypothalamic osmoreceptors, Baroreceptors, and Juxtaglomerular apparatuses
400
What epithelia lines the descending limb of the Loop of Henle?
What is simple squamous
400
What organs excrete waste from the body?
The kidneys, skin, lungs, liver, and the large intestine.
400
What is the layer of fat that cushions the kidney and holds it in place?
What is the peri-renal capsule
400
If osmoality goes __, the osmoreceptor cells stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete ADH
UP
400
Name three mechanisms that regulate pH
Buffer systems, respiratory system, urinary system
500
Where are Podocytes located?
In the Bowman's capsule
500
Name the five functions of the urinary system
1. Excrete wastes 2. Regulate blood volume 3. Regulate extracellular fluid 4. Regulate red blood cell production 5. Vitamin D synthesis
500
What encloses the kidney and protects it from trauma and infection?
What is the Fibrous capsule
500
What is plasma clearance?
The amount of time it takes a substance to be completely removed by the kidney
500
What are the four mechanisms that control urine production?
1. Neural mechanisms 2. Renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system 3. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 4. Atrial natriuretic hormone mechanism (ANH)