Risk reduction
Exposure to this hormone increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
What is estrogen?
USPSTF recommends breast cancer screening begins and ends at these ages.
What is 40 years old (first) and 74 years old (last).
The cost of a screening digital tomography of both breasts at the Cleveland Clinic.
What is $130?
A spiculated 3 cm mass is found on routine screening mammography. What is your next step?
What is core needle biopsy. Most of the time, this will be the next step for suspicious lesions.
One in this many women will develop breast cancer.
What is 8.
Tamoxifen, while shown to reduce the recurrence of breast cancer, is known to increase your risk of this type of cancer.
What is endometrial/uterine cancer. This medication is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, or SERM.
What is the stance of the USPSTF on performing clinical breast examinations?
What is: Inconclusive evidence, no recommendation for or against. The ACS recommends against, whereas NCCN recommends it.
The cost of screening mammogram at the Cleveland Clinic.
What is $564.
Fine needle aspiration of a complex breast cyst results in bloody aspirate. What is the next diagnostic step?
What is core needle biopsy. Fine needle aspiration can be used for complex breast cysts, however if the results are inconclusive or the aspirate is bloody, you should perform a core needle biopsy next.
On average, this percentage of women diagnosed with breast cancer will still be living 5 years later.
What is 90%. This is the 5-year survival rate per ACOG (2017).
Name one contraindication to the use of the medication used to reduce the risk of breast cancer that is also used for osteoporosis.
What is VTE (both tamoxifen and raloxifene should not be used in patients with history of VTE or PE).
At her annual exam, a 55 year-old woman endorses left breast pain. What kind of imaging do you order?
What is a diagnostic mammogram.
Instead of screening mammogram, place an order for a diagnostic mammogram if a woman has any symptoms (skin changes, nipple discharge, pain, palpable mass, lymphadenopathy etc.)
U.S. law requires most insurers to pay for annual mammography under this act.
What is the Affordable Care Act?
A 22 year-old has a mobile 2 cm, well-circumscribed round lump of the left breast. Ultrasound shows a well-defined solid mass. Name one of the two options for follow up.
What is core biopsy OR repeat imaging in 3-6 months. Most likely, this is a fibroadenoma. However, you cannot prove this without a biopsy.
A male with hereditary breast cancer most likely has this specific genetic mutation.
What is BRCA 2. In woman, breast cancer is associated with BRCA-1 more often than BRCA-2, however this is not the case for men.
Name four things that decrease the risk of breast cancer.
What are nulliparity, no breast feeding, early menarche, late menopause, obesity, alcohol, smoking, dense breasts.
The USPSTF recommends undergoing screening mammography every ___ year(s).
What is 2. The USPSTF recommend biennial mammography screening for woman at average risk, per the 2024 guidelines.
A person spends this much time getting a mammogram, from registration to finish.
Approximately 30 minutes.
A woman with dense breasts may undergo what additional testing when screening for breast cancer.
What is MRI. The American Cancer Society states there is not enough evidence to recommend for or against. Regardless, MRI does not replace a mammogram, so mammogram should be done no matter what.
This is the most common benign tumor of the breast.
What is a fibroadenoma. (Up to date)
Name one surgical method for risk reduction for breast cancer.
What is Mastectomy. This may be performed after shared decision making for woman with a strong family history of breast cancer or known genetic mutations.
Alternatively, a SERM medication such as tamoxifen may be used.
A woman with breast cancer who had a bilateral mastectomy with reconstruction should be surveilled with this method for breast cancer.
What is clinical breast exam (physical examination), which is shown to have similar detection rates as ultrasound and MRI for new lumps. Mammogram can be performed for certain flap reconstructions, but otherwise is not advised.
In 2015, it is estimated we spent $180 _____ (million or billion) on breast cancer management in the U.S.
What is billion.
Rapid growth of a fibroadenoma is concerning for this kind of tumor, and requires an excisional biopsy.
What is a phyllodes tumor.
A phyllodes tumor may be associated with Li -Fraumeni syndrome, related to an abnormal TP53 gene. May also present with osteosarcoma, leukemia/lymphoma, brain tumors, adrenal carcinomas.
This is the most common malignant tumor of the breast.
What is Infiltrating ductal carcinoma.