What is an enlargement of the pores in the skin of the breast described as?
Peau D'orange (orange peel's texture)
100
Which women should perform self breast exams?
Adult women of all ages.
100
Breast cancer is the _____ most common cancer in the US.
Second
100
Name 2 risk factors for breast cancer that our case study patient had.
58 years old, obese, Family history of breast cancer, nulliparous, never breastfed, BRCA 2 gene, alcohol use
100
Most breast cancers develop from which type of cells?
Epithelial cells
200
What is the most likely lymph node to be palpable with breast cancer?
Axillary lymph nodes.
200
How often should women perform self breast exams?
Every month
200
What is the 5 year survival rate for breast cancer?
89%
200
Name 1 other risk factor that our patient did NOT have.
Late menopause, hormone replacement therapy, family history of ovarian cancer
200
Which receptors promote breast cancer development?
Estrogen (ER), Progesterone, or Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2).
300
If breast cancer has metastasized what are some of the symptoms that may be associated with this?
Bone pain, worsening headaches, jaundice, chronic cough
(there are many more but these are specific and common for the metastatic sites)
300
At what age do women begin receiving Mammograms for screening?
Starting at age 50.
300
What race has the highest chance of dying from breast cancer?
African Americans
300
Name 1 of the 2 risk assessment tools available.
Gail Model or Claus Model
300
Where can breast cancer metastasize to most commonly?
Lymph nodes, brain, bone, lung or liver
400
What are women supposed to be looking for during a self breast exam?
Any breast lump that is irregular in shape, firm or solid.
400
How frequently should women receive mammograms for screening?
Every 2 years through age 74.
400
What race is most likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer?
Caucasian
400
Which genes predispose you to breast cancer?
BRCA 1, BRCA 2, (BARD1, BRIP1 are also acceptable answers but these genetic differences are less risky)
400
What triggers breast cancer?
This is unknown.
500
List any 2 signs and symptoms of breast cancer not previously discussed.
Nipple discharge (in a non-lactating woman), nipple or breast pain, unexplained change in the size or shape of breast or nipple(especially if unilateral), dimpling of the breast
500
If a woman shows signs of breast cancer or has a positive mammogram, which diagnostic test should be performed?
Either a diagnostic ultrasound or diagnostic mammogram with biopsy is recommended.
500
What is the lifetime risk for developing breast cancer?
1/8 or 12.5%
500
Name 1 question that we did not ask our patient regarding her periods that would be importance to assess for increased risk of breast cancer.
At what age did she have her first period?
(early menarche is a risk factor for breast cancer)
500
True or False: Breast cancer can develop in the ducts, lobules OR connective tissue.