Mechanism of Breathing
What process refers to breathing in and out?
Ventilation
What is inspiration?
This is the scientific term for breathing in (Inhalation)
What is expiration?
This is the scientific term for breathing out (Exhale)
Of the two main respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, this one has the highest concentration in lung tissue?
oxygen
What part of the body controls breathing rate?
The brain and brain stem
Which two structures allow ventilation to occur?
The diaphragm and rib muscles
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
It contracts and flattens
What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?
it relaxes and moves upward
What muscles move the ribs during breathing?
Rib muscles (intercostal muscles) skeletal muscles
What gas does the brain stem monitor in the blood?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
What happens to lung volume during inspiration?
Lung volume increases
What happens to the rib muscles during inspiration? They _______ moving the ribs U______ O________
They contract, moving the ribs up and out
What happens to the rib muscles during expiration? They _______ moving the ribs D______ & in________
relaxes , moving ribs down & inwards
What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts? It F__________ and moves D______
It flattens and moves downward
What happens to breathing rate when cell activity increases?
Breathing rate increases
What happens to pressure inside the lungs when lung volume increases?
Pressure inside the lungs decreases
What happens to the pressure inside the lungs during inspiration?
Pressure decreases
What happens to the pressure inside the lungs during expiration?
Pressure increases
Why do alveoli allow gas exchange to occur quickly based on its structure?
Because they have a very large surface area for diffusion
What percentage of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions?
About 70%
What is diffusion?
air moves from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
What are the two chemicals that form Bi-corbonate
C02 and Water
What happens to bicarbonate ions when they reach the lungs?
They convert back into carbon dioxide and water so the CO₂ can be exhaled
Through what two structures must oxygen pass to enter the blood from the alveoli?
The alveolar membrane and capillary wall
What's the equation for Cellular Respiration
oxygen + glucose _____ Carbon dioxide, Water and ATP